Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Patients Admitted to Sina Hospital in Hamadan, Iran: A 16-year study

Q4 Medicine
P. Alirezaei, M. Sobhan, A. Saadatmand
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Abstract

Background and Objective: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe and potentially life-threatening reactions. In spite of the low prevalence of these conditions, they are of utmost significance due to their catastrophic complications and mortality. The SJS and TEN are mostly caused by a reaction to a drug; however, in some cases, they result from infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic, etiologic, and clinical characteristics of the patients admitted to Sina Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, due to SJS and TEN during a 16-year period. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the patients with SJS and TEN admitted to Sina Hospital during the last 16 years (i.e., 2002-2018). The data analyzed in the present study included age, gender, causative drug, length of hospital stay, received treatment, and complications. Results: A total of 47 patients, consisting of 21 males and 26 females, were investigated in this study. Out of the 47 patients, 34, 9, and 4 cases were diagnosed with SJS, TEN, and SJS/TEN overlap, respectively. Regarding the etiology of these conditions, 45 cases (95.7%) were drug-related, while the remaining 2 cases were caused by reasons other than drugs. The most common causative drugs were antimicrobials (36.1%), followed by antiepileptics (27.6%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (17 %). Furthermore, there one case caused by reaction to allopurinol, and another case resulted from reactions to rabies vaccine. The remaining cases were either non-drug related or multi-drug related. The most common complications were infections (21.2%), followed by ocular problems (19.1%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (2.1%). Conclusion: As the findings indicated, antimicrobials were the most common causative drugs of SJS and TEN. The physicians should be aware of the clinical manifestations of SJS and TEN with regard to the severe complications of these conditions, including ocular damages, and their risk of mortality. Moreover, it is required to enhance public awareness regarding the avoidance of self-medication with antimicrobial drugs.
伊朗哈马丹Sina医院患者Stevens-Johnson综合征与中毒性表皮坏死松解症的16年研究
背景与目的:史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征(SJS)和中毒性表皮坏死松解症(TEN)是一种严重且可能危及生命的反应。尽管这些疾病的发病率很低,但由于其灾难性的并发症和死亡率,它们具有极其重要的意义。SJS和TEN主要是由对药物的反应引起的;然而,在某些情况下,它们是由感染引起的。本研究的目的是调查伊朗哈马丹Sina医院16年来因SJS和TEN而入院的患者的流行病学、病因和临床特征。材料和方法:本横断面描述性研究对新浪医院过去16年(即2002-2018年)收治的SJS和TEN患者进行了研究。本研究分析的数据包括年龄、性别、致病药物、住院时间、接受的治疗和并发症。结果:本研究共调查了47名患者,包括21名男性和26名女性。在47例患者中,34例、9例和4例分别被诊断为SJS、TEN和SJS/TEN重叠。关于这些疾病的病因,45例(95.7%)与药物有关,其余2例由药物以外的原因引起。最常见的致病药物是抗菌药物(36.1%),其次是抗癫痫药物(27.6%)和非甾体抗炎药物(17%)。此外,有一例由别嘌呤醇反应引起,另一例由狂犬病疫苗反应引起。其余病例要么与药物无关,要么与多种药物有关。最常见的并发症是感染(21.2%),其次是眼部问题(19.1%)和胃肠道出血(2.1%)。医生应了解SJS和TEN的临床表现以及这些疾病的严重并发症,包括眼部损伤及其死亡风险。此外,还需要提高公众对避免使用抗微生物药物自行用药的认识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
16
审稿时长
8 weeks
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