La cuestión marítima en la estrategia geopolítica de Carvajal y Ensenada = The Maritime Issue Within Carvajal and Ensenada’s Geo-Political Strategy

Francisco Amor-Martín
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Abstract

Jose de Carvajal y Zenon de Somodevilla emergieron como los principales artifices de la politica exterior espanola en una extrana coyuntura internacional. En 1748 las cancillerias de todo el continente emprendieron negociaciones en aras de la paz, ya que las potencias europeas precisaban tiempo para recuperar fuerzas tras tan larga guerra. Fue en semejante contexto en el que los dos ministros desarrollaron su geoestrategia. Pese a sus diferencias, ambos estadistas pretendieron garantizar la posicion de Espana como gran potencia europea, del mismo modo que comprendieron que, en adelante, el equilibrio europeo se veria condicionado por la supremacia maritima y colonial. Abstract Jose de Carvajal and Zenon de Somodevilla emerged as the main architects of Spanish foreign policy amidst the strained international climate of the mid-eighteenth century. In 1748, foreign affairs offices across Europe engaged in conversations surrounding peace as they sought time to regain strength after such a long war. It was within the context of this nascent alliance system that Carvajal and Somodevilla developed their geo-political strategy. In spite of their differences, both statesmen tried to guarantee Spain’s position as a major European power and understood that, going forward, European political balance would be determined by colonial and maritime supremacy.
卡瓦哈尔和恩塞纳达地缘政治战略中的海洋问题=卡瓦哈尔和恩塞纳达地缘政治战略中的海洋问题
何塞·德·卡瓦哈尔和泽农·德·索莫德维拉在一个奇怪的国际形势下成为西班牙外交政策的主要推动者。1748年,整个大陆的外交部为和平进行了谈判,因为欧洲大国在经历了这么长时间的战争后需要时间恢复力量。正是在这样的背景下,两位部长制定了他们的地缘战略。尽管存在分歧,但两位政治家都试图确保西班牙作为欧洲大国的地位,正如他们理解的那样,从现在起,欧洲的平衡将以婚姻和殖民至上为条件。在18世纪中叶紧张的国际气候中,何塞·德·卡瓦哈尔和泽农·德·索莫德维拉成为西班牙外交政策的主要建筑师。1748年,欧洲各地的外交办公室参与了围绕和平的对话,因为他们在经历了这样一场长期战争后寻求时间恢复力量。卡瓦哈尔和索莫德维拉正是在这种纳斯特联盟体系的背景下制定了他们的地缘政治战略。尽管存在分歧,但两国都试图保证西班牙作为欧洲主要大国的地位,并理解欧洲的政治平衡将由殖民和海上霸权决定。
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