Evaluating natural planned exposure protocols on rotavirus shedding patterns in gilts and the impact on their suckling pigs

Abstract

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the pattern of rotavirus A (RVA), rotavirus B (RVB), and rotavirus C (RVC) shedding in gilts after natural planned exposure (NPE) administration and assess the effects on piglet weaning weight, preweaning mortality, and RV shedding. Materials and methods: A total of 70 pregnant gilts were enrolled and allocated into 4 groups. Group 1 was given NPE at 5, 4, and 3 weeks prefarrowing (WPF); Group 2 at 5 and 3 WPF; and Group 3 at 5 WPF only. Group 4 (control group) did not receive any NPE. Samples from 46 gilts and litters (5 piglets/litter) were tested at 12 sample times. Piglets were sampled weekly from 24 hours of age until 6 weeks of age and tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for RVA, RVB, and RVC. Results: There was a significant improvement in weaning weight of piglets born to gilts that received 3 NPE administrations compared to fewer or no NPE administrations. Shedding of RVA and RVB from piglets were well controlled in the farrowing room regardless of treatment group, but RVC was observed as early as 1 week old. This study was conducted on a single farm, and the results should be carefully interpreted with knowledge of variations in farms and systems. Implications: Three administrations of NPE to gilts prefarrowing had valuable production and economic benefits for the producer. Circulation patterns of RVA, RVB, and RVC appear to correlate; interventions for one have value against the others.