Weed species diversity and shifts in Conservation Agriculture-based crop rotation systems on the Highveld area of South Africa

IF 1.1 Q3 AGRONOMY

South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI:10.1080/02571862.2020.1813823

E. Hugo, M. Craven, A. A. Nel

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The occurrence and infestation levels of weed species are known to vary greatly within Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems as weed species will react differently to different habitats. Two on-farm CA trial sites, near Buffelsvallei and Viljoenskroon respectively, were established during 2008/09. The objective of this study was to observe the species diversity and potential species shifts between conventional and CA based rotation systems. Monoculture maize (MM) under both conventional tillage (CT) and CA crop systems was accordingly evaluated against two-year and three-year rotation CA systems of maize with cowpea and sunflower respectively. Pearl millet was the third crop in the three-year rotation systems. Visual surveys of weed species were conducted annually at both trial sites and data for the 2012–2016 evaluation period presented regarding the weed spectrum observed. Weed spectrums differed significantly between the two localities, but weed species diversity remained constant across seasons. A weed species shift was recorded for the sandy loam soil where numbers of Commelina benghalensis L. increased rapidly after three years, whilst Crotalaria sphaerocarpa DC numbers more than doubled. New weed species, such as Helichrysum argyrosphaerum DC and Vernonia poskeana Vatke and Hildebr., also started to germinate at the sandy loam soil trial site.

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南非Highveld地区基于保护性农业的作物轮作系统中的杂草物种多样性和变化

众所周知，在保护性农业（CA）系统中，杂草的发生和侵扰程度差异很大，因为杂草对不同栖息地的反应不同。2008/09年期间，分别在Buffelsvallei和Viljoenskroon附近建立了两个农场CA试验点。本研究的目的是观察传统和基于CA的轮作系统之间的物种多样性和潜在的物种变化。分别以玉米与豇豆和向日葵的两年和三年轮作CA系统为对照，对常规耕作（CT）和CA作物系统下的单一栽培玉米（MM）进行了相应的评估。珍珠小米是三年轮作制度中的第三种作物。每年在两个试验地点对杂草物种进行目视调查，并提供2012-2016年评估期的杂草光谱数据。两个地区的杂草光谱差异很大，但杂草物种多样性在不同季节保持不变。在沙壤土中，记录到杂草种类的变化，三年后，鸭跖草的数量迅速增加，而柄豆的数量增加了一倍多。新的杂草物种，如Helichrysum argyrosphaerum DC和Vernonia poskeana Vatke和Hildebr。，在沙壤土试验场地也开始发芽。

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来源期刊

South African Journal of Plant and Soil Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science

CiteScore

1.90

自引率

11.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal has a proud history of publishing quality papers in the fields of applied plant and soil sciences and has, since its inception, recorded a vast body of scientific information with particular reference to South Africa.