Positron Emission Tomography in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid kidney tumor. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is the most frequently used imaging modality in the diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of recurrence and treatment response in patients with RCC. The overall success rate of CT for these indications is reported to be between 61% and 91% (1,2,3). However, as RCCs may appear isodense, hypodense, or hyperdense, it is difficult to distinguish benign and malignant renal masses by morphological methods (4). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended in cases where CT is contraindicated, such as patients who have contrast allergy or are pregnant. However, MRI is no more accurate than CT. This increases the importance of positron emission tomography (PET), which enables metabolic evaluation in addition to visualizing anatomic changes. In this review, we discuss currently available literature data regarding the use of PET applications with different radiopharmaceuticals in patients with RCC. Applications of Positron Emission Tomography in Renal Cell Carcinoma