Human mortality attributable to outdoor air pollution in China during the period 2016–2020

Gang Liu, Lingling Jiang, Zhuoying Xu, Yifan Liu, Haikun Wang, Zhen Peng
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Abstract

In this study, a latest reanalysis dataset of atmospheric composition, the Global Exposure Mortality Model and a log-linear exposure-response function were employed to estimate the national deaths attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) pollution in China for the period 2016–2020, including the lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The national mortality attributable to long-term PM2.5 exposure decreased year by year from 2.18 million (95% confidence interval (1.83, 2.51), the same hereinafter) in 2016 to 1.99 million (1.66, 2.30) in 2020. In particular, the number in 2020 was 133.16 thousand less than 2019 owing to the reduced emissions during the pandemic, and the mortality attributable to short-term PM2.5 exposure dropped from 46.86 thousand in 2019 to 36.56 thousand in 2020. However, because O3 concentrations have kept increasing during the period, the national mortality attributable to long-term O3 exposure increased from 132.79 thousand (128.58, 137.00) in 2016 to 197.00 thousand (190.98, 203.03) in 2020. In addition, compared to before the pandemic, the national mortality attributable to short-term O3 exposure showed an increase in February, April and May of 2020, and the sharpest year-on-year increase of 162% occurred in April. The different trends of mortality after anthropogenic emissions were reduced pose a challenge for policy-makers and researchers.
2016-2020年中国室外空气污染导致的人类死亡率
在这项研究中,采用最新的大气成分再分析数据集、全球暴露死亡率模型和对数线性暴露响应函数来估计2016-2020年期间中国细颗粒物(PM2.5)和臭氧(O3)污染造成的全国死亡人数,包括2020年新冠肺炎大流行导致的封锁。全国长期暴露于PM2.5的死亡率逐年下降,从2016年的218万(95%置信区间(1.83,2.51),下同)降至2020年的199万(1.66,2.30)。特别是,由于疫情期间排放量减少,2020年的数字比2019年减少了133.16万,短期PM2.5暴露导致的死亡率从2019年的468.6万下降到2020年的365.6万。然而,由于臭氧浓度在此期间一直在增加,长期暴露于臭氧的全国死亡率从2016年的132.79万(128.58,137.00)增加到2020年的19.7万(190.98,203.03)。此外,与疫情前相比,2020年2月、4月和5月,短期O3暴露导致的全国死亡率有所上升,4月出现了162%的最大同比增幅。人为排放减少后死亡率的不同趋势对决策者和研究人员构成了挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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