Combination of hDPSCs and oxysterol in hyaluronic acid scaffolds for dental implant therapy: A narrative review

Abstract

Aim: The latest development of a dental therapy implant is the tissue engineering triad; one of them applies a combination of hDPSCs (human dental pulp stem cells) and oxysterol in media hyaluronic acid scaffolds. hDPSCs can produce osteoblasts in the bone repair process. Basic fibroblast growth factors and vascular endothelial growth factors are found in hDPSCs, and they can help speed up the vascularity and bone development. Oxysterol is an oxidized cholesterol product that can be found naturally in humans and animals. Oxysterol is an osteogenic factor that affects osteogenic differentiation by activating the liver X receptors and the Hh pathway signaling. Hyaluronic acid is a nonsulfate linear polysaccharide made up of disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine that occur naturally, which are linked by β-glycosidic bonds 1–3 and β-1–4. The hyaluronic acid scaffolds can be used for bone regeneration by increasing osteogenesis, osseointegration, and mineralization. The study aimed to describe the potential for combining hDPSCs and oxysterol in media hyaluronic acid scaffolds for dental implant therapy. Materials and Methods: Ideas and innovations were obtained based on the literature in journals and textbooks in the last 5 years (2016–2021) from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. The review used the technique to find the similarity of the literature with the same keywords and then made conclusions. The theories that have been obtained are then summarized into a continuous series; thus, readers can more easily understand the ideas and innovations offered. Results: Pertaining to various literatures, there were 30 journals from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. The case reports analyzed patients with inclusion criteria for dental implants and osseointegration. From the results of the review, it was found that the combination of these three ingredients has ingredients that can induce osseointegration. Conclusion: The combination of hDPSCs and oxysterol in media hyaluronic acid scaffolds can potentially provide bone regeneration in dental implant treatment.