{"title":"Geological Contributions to Geometallurgy: A Review","authors":"J. Hunt, R. Berry","doi":"10.12789/GEOCANJ.2017.44.121","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Geometallurgy is a cross-disciplinary science that addresses the problem of teasing out the features of the rock mass that significantly influence mining and processing. Rocks are complex composite mixtures for which the basic building blocks are grains of minerals. The properties of the minerals, how they are bound together, and many other aspects of rock texture affect the entire mining value chain from exploration, through mining and processing, waste and tailings disposal, to refining and sales. This review presents rock properties (e.g. strength, composition, mineralogy, texture) significant in geometallurgy and examples of test methods available to measure or predict these properties. Geometallurgical data need to be quantitative and spatially constrained so they can be used in 3D modelling and mine planning. They also need to be obtainable relatively cheaply in order to be abundant enough to provide a statistically valid sample distribution for spatial modelling. Strong communication between different departments along the mining value chain is imperative so that data are produced and transferred in a useable form and duplication is avoided. The ultimate aim is to have 3D models that not only show the grade of valuable elements (or minerals), but also include rock properties that may influence mining and processing, so that decisions concerning mining and processing can be made holistically, i.e. the impacts of rock properties on all the cost centres in the mining process are taken into account. There are significant costs to improving ore deposit knowledge and it is very important to consider the cost-benefit curve when planning the level of geometallurgical effort that is appropriate in individual deposits.RESUMELa geometallurgie est une science interdisciplinaire qui s’interesse aux caracteristiques de la masse rocheuse qui influent de maniere significative sur l'exploitation miniere et le traitement du minerai. Les roches sont des melanges composites complexes dont les elements structurant de base sont des grains de mineraux. Les proprietes des mineraux, la facon dont ils sont lies entre eux, et de nombreux autres aspects de la texture des roches determinent l'ensemble de la chaine de valeur miniere, de l'exploration a l'extraction a la transformation, a l'elimination des dechets et des residus, jusqu'au raffinage et a la vente. La presente etude passe en revue les proprietes significatives de la roche (par ex. sa cohesion, sa composition, sa mineralogie, sa texture) en geometallurgie ainsi que des exemples de methodes d'essai disponibles pour mesurer ou predire ces proprietes. Les donnees geometallurgiques doivent etre quantitatives et localisees spatialement afin qu'elles puissent etre utilisees dans la modelisation 3D et la planification de la mine. Elles doivent egalement etre peu couteuses afin d'etre suffisamment nombreuses pour fournir une distribution d'echantillon statistiquement valide pour la modelisation spatiale. Une communication efficace entre les differents segments de la chaine de valeur miniere est imperative pour que les donnees soient produites et transferees sous une forme utilisable et que les duplications soient evitees. Le but ultime est d'avoir des modeles 3D qui montrent non seulement la qualite des elements precieux (ou mineraux), mais aussi les proprietes de roche qui determinent l'exploitation miniere et le traitement du minerai, de sorte que les decisions concernant l'exploitation miniere et le traitement du minerai peuvent etre realisees de facon holistique, c.-a-d. que l’impact des proprietes de roche sur tous les maillons de la chaine des couts du processus minier sont prises en compte. Les couts d’amelioration des connaissances sur le gisement de minerai etant importants, il faut tenir compte de la courbe couts-benefices lors de la planification du niveau d'investissement geometallurgique approprie pour le gisement considere.","PeriodicalId":55106,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience Canada","volume":"44 1","pages":"103-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2017-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"12","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Geoscience Canada","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.12789/GEOCANJ.2017.44.121","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Abstract
Geometallurgy is a cross-disciplinary science that addresses the problem of teasing out the features of the rock mass that significantly influence mining and processing. Rocks are complex composite mixtures for which the basic building blocks are grains of minerals. The properties of the minerals, how they are bound together, and many other aspects of rock texture affect the entire mining value chain from exploration, through mining and processing, waste and tailings disposal, to refining and sales. This review presents rock properties (e.g. strength, composition, mineralogy, texture) significant in geometallurgy and examples of test methods available to measure or predict these properties. Geometallurgical data need to be quantitative and spatially constrained so they can be used in 3D modelling and mine planning. They also need to be obtainable relatively cheaply in order to be abundant enough to provide a statistically valid sample distribution for spatial modelling. Strong communication between different departments along the mining value chain is imperative so that data are produced and transferred in a useable form and duplication is avoided. The ultimate aim is to have 3D models that not only show the grade of valuable elements (or minerals), but also include rock properties that may influence mining and processing, so that decisions concerning mining and processing can be made holistically, i.e. the impacts of rock properties on all the cost centres in the mining process are taken into account. There are significant costs to improving ore deposit knowledge and it is very important to consider the cost-benefit curve when planning the level of geometallurgical effort that is appropriate in individual deposits.RESUMELa geometallurgie est une science interdisciplinaire qui s’interesse aux caracteristiques de la masse rocheuse qui influent de maniere significative sur l'exploitation miniere et le traitement du minerai. Les roches sont des melanges composites complexes dont les elements structurant de base sont des grains de mineraux. Les proprietes des mineraux, la facon dont ils sont lies entre eux, et de nombreux autres aspects de la texture des roches determinent l'ensemble de la chaine de valeur miniere, de l'exploration a l'extraction a la transformation, a l'elimination des dechets et des residus, jusqu'au raffinage et a la vente. La presente etude passe en revue les proprietes significatives de la roche (par ex. sa cohesion, sa composition, sa mineralogie, sa texture) en geometallurgie ainsi que des exemples de methodes d'essai disponibles pour mesurer ou predire ces proprietes. Les donnees geometallurgiques doivent etre quantitatives et localisees spatialement afin qu'elles puissent etre utilisees dans la modelisation 3D et la planification de la mine. Elles doivent egalement etre peu couteuses afin d'etre suffisamment nombreuses pour fournir une distribution d'echantillon statistiquement valide pour la modelisation spatiale. Une communication efficace entre les differents segments de la chaine de valeur miniere est imperative pour que les donnees soient produites et transferees sous une forme utilisable et que les duplications soient evitees. Le but ultime est d'avoir des modeles 3D qui montrent non seulement la qualite des elements precieux (ou mineraux), mais aussi les proprietes de roche qui determinent l'exploitation miniere et le traitement du minerai, de sorte que les decisions concernant l'exploitation miniere et le traitement du minerai peuvent etre realisees de facon holistique, c.-a-d. que l’impact des proprietes de roche sur tous les maillons de la chaine des couts du processus minier sont prises en compte. Les couts d’amelioration des connaissances sur le gisement de minerai etant importants, il faut tenir compte de la courbe couts-benefices lors de la planification du niveau d'investissement geometallurgique approprie pour le gisement considere.
期刊介绍:
Established in 1974, Geoscience Canada is the main technical publication of the Geological Association of Canada (GAC). We are a quarterly journal that emphasizes diversity of material, and also the presentation of informative technical articles that can be understood not only by specialist research workers, but by non-specialists in other branches of the Earth Sciences. We aim to be a journal that you want to read, and which will leave you better informed, rather than more confused.