The supply-generated sequence: A unified sequence-stratigraphic model for closed lacustrine sedimentary basins with evidence from the Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah, U.S.A.

IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY
James H. Gearon, C. Olariu, R. Steel
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Closed lakes and oceans are stratigraphically distinct systems. However, closed-lake stratigraphy is often interpreted using conventional sequence stratigraphic concepts which were generated for marine settings. As a consequence, lacustrine stratigraphy has long been vexing and applied on an ad-hoc basis. To remedy this, we present a novel, unified sequence stratigraphic model for hydrologically closed (endorheic) basins: the Supply-Generated Sequence (SGS) Model. This model was generated to interpret our outcrop-based correlation—the largest to date at ∼ 30 km—across the Sunnyside Interval member of the middle Green River Formation in Nine Mile Canyon near Price, Utah, USA. The SGS model is based on the fundamental sedimentological and hydrodynamic differences between closed lakes and marine settings wherein the relationship between water discharge and sediment discharge is highly correlated. The SGS model divides packages of genetic lacustrine strata by bounding correlative surfaces, conformable or unconformable, separating facies and surfaces associated with low clastic supply (e.g., carbonates, mudstones, or exposure surfaces) from facies characteristic of relatively higher amounts of clastic supply (subaerial channelized sandstones, subaqueous siltstones, and pedogenic mudstones). We use the SGS model to correlate regional sequences at a higher resolution than previous interpretations and find the greatest amount of clastic deposition occurs during periods of lake-level rise, indicating that the SGSs are characteristically transgressive. Additionally, this model removes the implicit and explicit base-level assumptions of previous sequence stratigraphic models while being agnostic to the source of increased sediment discharge and therefore generalizable to other closed lacustrine settings. We use the high-resolution supply-generated sequences (meters thick) to argue for a climatic origin of the cyclic Sunnyside interval deposits based on sequence durations (40–50 kyr), and aligning sequences with recognized early Eocene transitory hyperthermal event timing and their associated climatic shifts across the region, increasing riverine discharge of sediment and water.
供给-生层序:封闭湖相沉积盆地的统一层序-地层模型——以美国犹他州温塔盆地格林河组为例
封闭的湖泊和海洋在地层上是不同的系统。然而,闭湖地层学通常使用为海洋环境产生的常规层序地层学概念来解释。因此,湖泊地层学长期以来一直是一个令人烦恼的问题,只能在特定的基础上加以应用。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种新的、统一的水文封闭(内旋)盆地层序地层模型:供给-生成层序(SGS)模型。该模型的生成是为了解释我们基于露头的相关性,迄今为止最大的是在美国犹他州普赖斯附近九英里峡谷的绿河组中部Sunnyside区间成员约30公里处。SGS模型基于封闭湖泊和海洋环境之间的基本沉积学和水动力差异,其中水量和沙量之间的关系是高度相关的。SGS模型通过结合相关面(整合面或不整合面),将碎屑供应较少的相(如碳酸盐、泥岩或暴露面)与碎屑供应相对较多的相(陆上河道化砂岩、水下粉砂岩和成土泥岩)分离开来,划分出成因湖相地层包。我们使用SGS模型以比以往解释更高的分辨率关联区域序列,发现最大数量的碎屑沉积发生在湖平面上升期间,表明SGS具有典型的海侵特征。此外,该模型消除了以前层序地层模型的隐式和显式基准面假设,同时对泥沙流量增加的来源不可知,因此可以推广到其他封闭湖泊环境。基于层序持续时间(40-50 kyr),我们使用高分辨率的供应生成层序(米厚)来论证旋回Sunnyside层序沉积的气候起源,并将层序与已知的早始新世短暂性高温事件时间及其在整个地区的相关气候变化进行比对,增加了河流沉积物和水的排放。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
5.00%
发文量
50
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal is broad and international in scope and welcomes contributions that further the fundamental understanding of sedimentary processes, the origin of sedimentary deposits, the workings of sedimentary systems, and the records of earth history contained within sedimentary rocks.
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