Abdullah, A. Irwan, Nor Ain, Nafia Fitrawati, Sarmila
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of Cu-formate heterogeneous catalysts from ash of gelam wood (Melaleuca leucadendron) for glycerol oxidation","authors":"Abdullah, A. Irwan, Nor Ain, Nafia Fitrawati, Sarmila","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2244190","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The conversion of glycerol into high-value-added chemicals has begun to take the attention of researchers in recent years. Approximately 10% (w/w) of glycerol is produced as a by-product in the manufacture of biodiesel. Through a catalytic oxidation reaction, glycerol can be converted to formic acid. In this study, glycerol was converted to formic acid as the main product by involving a heterogeneous catalyst of Cu-formate which was embedded in the ash of gelam wood (Melaleuca leucadendron). The catalyst was made with variations in the ratio of Cu-formate to gelam wood ash (GWA) = 0.125; 0.25; 0.50; and 0.75 (w/w). The catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and SAA. The Cu-formate/GWA catalyst was then tested for its activity on glycerol oxidation with various catalyst ratios, amount of catalyst (0.5–3% (w/w)), reaction temperature (50°−90°C), and reaction time (1–11 hours). The results showed that the yield of the products increased with increase in catalyst ratio. The optimal amount of catalyst was used at a concentration of 2% (w/w), a reaction temperature of 70°C, and a reaction time of 3 hours. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Smart Science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2244190","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
ABSTRACT The conversion of glycerol into high-value-added chemicals has begun to take the attention of researchers in recent years. Approximately 10% (w/w) of glycerol is produced as a by-product in the manufacture of biodiesel. Through a catalytic oxidation reaction, glycerol can be converted to formic acid. In this study, glycerol was converted to formic acid as the main product by involving a heterogeneous catalyst of Cu-formate which was embedded in the ash of gelam wood (Melaleuca leucadendron). The catalyst was made with variations in the ratio of Cu-formate to gelam wood ash (GWA) = 0.125; 0.25; 0.50; and 0.75 (w/w). The catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and SAA. The Cu-formate/GWA catalyst was then tested for its activity on glycerol oxidation with various catalyst ratios, amount of catalyst (0.5–3% (w/w)), reaction temperature (50°−90°C), and reaction time (1–11 hours). The results showed that the yield of the products increased with increase in catalyst ratio. The optimal amount of catalyst was used at a concentration of 2% (w/w), a reaction temperature of 70°C, and a reaction time of 3 hours. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
期刊介绍:
Smart Science (ISSN 2308-0477) is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes significant original scientific researches, and reviews and analyses of current research and science policy. We welcome submissions of high quality papers from all fields of science and from any source. Articles of an interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcomed. Smart Science aims to be among the top multidisciplinary journals covering a broad spectrum of smart topics in the fields of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology. Smart Science is currently focusing on the topics of Smart Manufacturing (CPS, IoT and AI) for Industry 4.0, Smart Energy and Smart Chemistry and Materials. Other specific research areas covered by the journal include, but are not limited to: 1. Smart Science in the Future 2. Smart Manufacturing: -Cyber-Physical System (CPS) -Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Brain (IoB) -Artificial Intelligence -Smart Computing -Smart Design/Machine -Smart Sensing -Smart Information and Networks 3. Smart Energy and Thermal/Fluidic Science 4. Smart Chemistry and Materials