Daya Saing Biji Kakao di Pasar Malaysia

Abstract

In Malaysia market, Indonesian cocoa beans has been competing with countries in West Africa cocoa bean with have high quality standards that are preferred by the consumer market. The aim of this study is to determine the export value, production, productivity cocoa beas, trade position and competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa beans with their competitors in West African countries (Ivory Coast, Ghana and Nigeria). The method of this research-uses Trade Specialization Index (TSI), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and X-Model. The data used is from 2000 – 2020. The results show that the trade position of cocoa beans in Indonesia, Ivory Coast, and Ghana is in a position of export growth (the ISP value increases between 0-1). Meanwhile, Nigeria is in a position of export maturity (the ISP score decreases between 1-0). Average RCA index of cocoa beans: a). Indonesia = 3.92 ; b). Ivory Coast = 1.44 ; c). Ghana = 7.28 ; and D). Nigeria = 173.13. Based on the EPD results, Indonesia is in the Lost Oppurtunity position, Ivory Coast is in the Falling Star position, Ghana is in the Retreat position, and Nigeria is in the Rising Star position.