Revision and phylogenetics of the Neotropical sheet weaving spider genus Diplothyron Millidge, 1991 (Araneae, Linyphiidae) and systematics of the MPME clade

IF 1.8 2区生物学 Q3 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Invertebrate Systematics Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI:10.1071/IS21047

Thiago Silva-Moreira, G. Hormiga

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Abstract

Abstract. The Mounded Posterior Median Eyes (MPME) clade is a group of linyphiid spiders characterized by having posterior median eyes (PME) on a mound. The species diversity of this lineage, especially in the Neotropical region, is still largely unknown. In this study, we tackled one of the MPME groups, the genus Diplothyron Millidge, 1991. We have studied numerous specimens from both museums and freshly collected specimens to monograph Diplothyron. We also compiled both morphological and behavioral data from Diplothyron and representatives of higher-level lineages within Linyphiidae and several potential MPME groups to infer the phylogenetic relationships. We redescribed the type species, Diplothyron fuscus Millidge, 1991 and described the previously unknown male, and six new species: Diplothyron ballesterosi sp. nov., D. dianae sp. nov., D. monteverde sp. nov., D. nubilosus sp. nov., D. sandrae sp. nov. and D. solitarius sp. nov. We also transferred the following species from Linyphia to Diplothyron based on the study of the type material: D. chiapasia (Gertsch & Davies, 1946) comb. nov., D. linguatulus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov., D. nigritus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov., D. simplicatus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov. and D. trifalcatus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov. Diplothyron species are mainly found in the cloud forests of Central and South America, with the distribution stretching from the Colombian Andes to the Mexican Sierra Madre across the Central American mountain chains. We also provide a detailed morphological comparison between Diplothyron and closely related genera in the MPME clade, focusing on the genital morphology, including identification keys to both the MPME genera and species of Diplothyron. Our cladistic analyses recovered Diplothyron as a monophyletic group placed within the MPME clade. A newly circumscribed lineage now includes the genera Diplothyron, Dubiaranea Mello-Leitão, 1943; Linyphia Latreille, 1804; Lomaita Bryant, 1948; Microlinyphia Gerhardt, 1928; Neriene Blackwall, 1833; Notiohyphantes Millidge, 1985; Novafrontina Millidge, 1991 and Pityohyphantes Simon, 1929.

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新热带织布蜘蛛属(Diplothyron Millidge)的修订和系统发育，1991(蜘蛛目，织布蛛科)和MPME分支的系统分类学

摘要丘状后正中眼(MPME)进化支是一组linyphiid蜘蛛，其特征是在丘上有后正中眼(PME)。这个谱系的物种多样性，特别是在新热带地区，仍然很大程度上是未知的。在这项研究中，我们研究了一个MPME类群，Diplothyron Millidge属，1991。我们研究了大量来自博物馆的标本和新收集的标本，并撰写了专著。我们还收集了双plothyron和Linyphiidae中更高级别谱系的代表以及几个潜在的MPME类群的形态学和行为学数据来推断系统发育关系。我们重新描述了模式种梁龙(Diplothyron fuscus Millidge, 1991)，并描述了此前未知的雄性和6个新种:ballesterosi sp. nov、d.d dianae sp. nov、d.d monteverde sp. nov、d.d nubilosus sp. nov、d.d sandrae sp. nov和d.d solitarius sp. nov。我们还根据模式材料的研究将以下物种从Linyphia转移到Diplothyron: d.c iapasia (Gertsch & Davies, 1946) comb。11 . D. linguatulus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902)。11 . D. nigritus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902)梳子。11 . D. simplicatus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902)梳子。11 .和D. trifalcatus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902)梳子。11 .梁龙主要分布在中南美洲的云雾林中，分布范围从哥伦比亚的安第斯山脉延伸到墨西哥的马德雷山脉，横跨中美洲山脉。本文还对双plothyron与近缘属的MPME分支进行了详细的形态比较，重点介绍了双plothyron的生殖形态，包括MPME属和种的识别密钥。我们的分支分析恢复了双plothyron作为一个单系群放置在MPME分支。一个新的限定谱系现在包括双龙属，Dubiaranea mello - leit o, 1943;林菲亚·拉特雷尔(1804年);洛玛伊塔·布莱恩特，1948年;Microlinyphia Gerhardt, 1928;内丽妮·布莱克沃尔，1833年;Notiohyphantes Millidge, 1985;Novafrontina Millidge, 1991和Pityohyphantes Simon, 1929。

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来源期刊

Invertebrate Systematics 生物-动物学

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Invertebrate Systematics (formerly known as Invertebrate Taxonomy) is an international journal publishing original and significant contributions on the systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of all invertebrate taxa. Articles in the journal provide comprehensive treatments of clearly defined taxonomic groups, often emphasising their biodiversity patterns and/or biological aspects. The journal also includes contributions on the systematics of selected species that are of particular conservation, economic, medical or veterinary importance. Invertebrate Systematics is a vital resource globally for scientists, students, conservation biologists, environmental consultants and government policy advisors who are interested in terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems. Invertebrate Systematics is published with the endorsement of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Australian Academy of Science.