{"title":"The Power of Exclusion in Agrarian Conflict of Bangko-Bangko National Natural Park, West Lombok","authors":"G. Anugrah","doi":"10.7454/MJS.V25I2.12344","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak Pencegahan dan pembatasan akses (eksklusi) lahan merupakan inti dari persoalan sengketa agraria di Indonesia. Beberapa kajian sebelumnya cenderung melihat negara dan korporasi sebagai aktor yang mendorong proses eksklusi, sementara alasan di baliknya digerakkan oleh kepentingan modal semata. Namun, pada kenyataannya proses eksklusi juga digerakkan oleh tujuan-tujuan lain yakni alasan konservasi dan penyelamatan lingkungan. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi kasus sengketa agraria yang digerakkan oleh persoalan konservasi di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Bangko-Bangko, dianalisis menggunakan konsep kuasa eksklusi (Hall et al. 2011). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, data-data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses eksklusi yang menyebabkan sengketa agraria di kawasan tersebut didorong oleh 3 (tiga) bentuk kuasa: regulasi, paksaan, dan legitimasi. Ragam kepengaturan, secara sinergis dengan legitimasi berbasis konservasi dan cara-cara paksaan, digunakan oleh negara untuk mengamankan klaim atas TWA Bangko-Bangko, sekaligus mencegah akses penduduk lokal mendiami kawasan tersebut. Konsekuensinya, resistensi muncul dari masyarakat dengan mengusung narasi ‘masyarakat asli’ sebagai legitimasi tandingan dalam rangka merebut kembali hak dan kedaulatan atas tanah.dari negara. Abstract Land exclusion (prevention and restriction of access) plays an important role in triggering agrarian conf licts in Indonesia. Previous studies tended to see the state and private companies as the main actors driving the exclusion process, while the reasons behind it were merely caused by the capital. However, the process of exclusion is also led by forestry and nature conservation. This paper aims to explore the case of agrarian conflicts that occur in the Bangko-Bangko National Natural Park, by examining the power of exclusion as a conceptual framework (Hall et al. 2011). By using qualitative research methods, the data were collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. This study reveals that the exclusionary processes are primarily driven by 3 types of power: regulation, force, and legitimation. Regulation is carried out by the state, synergistically with the legitimation of conservation (by the notion of the common good) and the use of repressive means, to secure claim over Bangko-Bangko and prevent local people’ access to the area. The local community has found themselves were tried to exclude from the land they claimed as their own—by using the legitimation of indigenous people—and have resisted this claim from the state.","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MJS.V25I2.12344","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Abstrak Pencegahan dan pembatasan akses (eksklusi) lahan merupakan inti dari persoalan sengketa agraria di Indonesia. Beberapa kajian sebelumnya cenderung melihat negara dan korporasi sebagai aktor yang mendorong proses eksklusi, sementara alasan di baliknya digerakkan oleh kepentingan modal semata. Namun, pada kenyataannya proses eksklusi juga digerakkan oleh tujuan-tujuan lain yakni alasan konservasi dan penyelamatan lingkungan. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi kasus sengketa agraria yang digerakkan oleh persoalan konservasi di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Bangko-Bangko, dianalisis menggunakan konsep kuasa eksklusi (Hall et al. 2011). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, data-data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses eksklusi yang menyebabkan sengketa agraria di kawasan tersebut didorong oleh 3 (tiga) bentuk kuasa: regulasi, paksaan, dan legitimasi. Ragam kepengaturan, secara sinergis dengan legitimasi berbasis konservasi dan cara-cara paksaan, digunakan oleh negara untuk mengamankan klaim atas TWA Bangko-Bangko, sekaligus mencegah akses penduduk lokal mendiami kawasan tersebut. Konsekuensinya, resistensi muncul dari masyarakat dengan mengusung narasi ‘masyarakat asli’ sebagai legitimasi tandingan dalam rangka merebut kembali hak dan kedaulatan atas tanah.dari negara. Abstract Land exclusion (prevention and restriction of access) plays an important role in triggering agrarian conf licts in Indonesia. Previous studies tended to see the state and private companies as the main actors driving the exclusion process, while the reasons behind it were merely caused by the capital. However, the process of exclusion is also led by forestry and nature conservation. This paper aims to explore the case of agrarian conflicts that occur in the Bangko-Bangko National Natural Park, by examining the power of exclusion as a conceptual framework (Hall et al. 2011). By using qualitative research methods, the data were collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. This study reveals that the exclusionary processes are primarily driven by 3 types of power: regulation, force, and legitimation. Regulation is carried out by the state, synergistically with the legitimation of conservation (by the notion of the common good) and the use of repressive means, to secure claim over Bangko-Bangko and prevent local people’ access to the area. The local community has found themselves were tried to exclude from the land they claimed as their own—by using the legitimation of indigenous people—and have resisted this claim from the state.