Effects of the Herbicide Metolachlor and Fish Presence on Pond Mesocosm Communities

IF 0.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
C. Mettler, Miguel Aguirre-Morales, Justin Harmeson, W. Robinson, B. E. Carlson
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract. The effects of many pesticides on aquatic ecosystems remain poorly understood, especially in naturalistic communities in which organisms are connected by a complex array of direct and indirect interactions. Moreover, multiple stressors can interact, and the addition of apex predators, such as fish, may introduce additional ecosystem changes that exacerbate or mitigate pesticide effects. Despite being both common and environmentally persistent, the effects of the herbicide metolachlor on realistic aquatic communities have received insufficient research attention. We tested the effects of metolachlor on pond mesocosms at three concentrations (0, 20, and 80 ppb), along with the presence vs. absence of fish (black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus) to determine the independent and combined effects of these two environmental changes. We found both metolachlor and fish altered the pond mesocosms, but their effects did not interact. Metolachlor reduced phytoplankton as expected, but had nonlinear effects on dissolved oxygen. Metolachlor also altered tadpole behavior, making them less prone to hiding. Fish presence increased periphyton and decreased snail counts, as well as changing the behavior of tadpoles, reducing their hiding behavior. This work demonstrates previously undocumented effects of metolachlor in the presence and absence of fish and suggests future avenues of investigation.
除草剂异丙甲草胺和鱼类对池塘中生态群落的影响
摘要许多杀虫剂对水生生态系统的影响仍然知之甚少,尤其是在自然群落中,生物通过一系列复杂的直接和间接相互作用联系在一起。此外,多种压力源可能相互作用,鱼类等顶级捕食者的增加可能会带来额外的生态系统变化,加剧或减轻杀虫剂的影响。尽管除草剂甲草胺既常见又对环境具有持久性,但其对现实水生生物群落的影响尚未得到足够的研究关注。我们测试了三种浓度(0、20和80ppb)的甲草胺对池塘中生态系统的影响,以及是否存在鱼类(黑紫薇、黑腹蛙),以确定这两种环境变化的独立和综合影响。我们发现甲草胺和鱼类都改变了池塘的中尺度,但它们的影响没有相互作用。甲草胺如预期的那样减少了浮游植物,但对溶解氧有非线性影响。甲草胺还改变了蝌蚪的行为,使它们不太容易躲藏起来。鱼类的存在增加了外周生物,减少了蜗牛的数量,也改变了蝌蚪的行为,减少了它们的隐藏行为。这项工作证明了以前未记录的甲草胺在有鱼和无鱼的情况下的影响,并提出了未来的调查途径。
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来源期刊
American Midland Naturalist
American Midland Naturalist 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
18-36 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Midland Naturalist has been published for 90 years by the University of Notre Dame. The connotations of Midland and Naturalist have broadened and its geographic coverage now includes North America with occasional articles from other continents. The old image of naturalist has changed and the journal publishes what Charles Elton aptly termed "scientific natural history" including field and experimental biology. Its significance and breadth of coverage are evident in that the American Midland Naturalist is among the most frequently cited journals in publications on ecology, mammalogy, herpetology, ornithology, ichthyology, parasitology, aquatic and invertebrate biology and other biological disciplines.
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