Lesson learnt from Cardiovascular Risk Factors Studies in Urban Population of Jakarta and House Hold Survey in Indonesia, 1988 - 2018

Abstract

The Framingham Heart Study was initiated in the United States in the year 1946 demonstrating correlations between several risk factors and coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure.1 Reports by the World Heart Federation showed that the cardiovascular mortality in developing countries was on the rise, contrasting to those of developed countries. Indonesia is in need of field cardiovascular laboratory (mobile cardiovascular laboratory?) to obtain data regarding cardiovascular risk factors on a community level in order to formulate an appropriate public health policy.2-7 On the year 1988, the director of National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital (NCCHK), Doctor Sukaman, initiated the Monica Jakarta Survey which was supported by Professor Georgi,