Numerical study of the unsteady blade root aerodynamics of a 2 MW wind turbine equipped with vortex generators

IF 3.6 Q3 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
F. Seel, T. Lutz, E. Krämer
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Abstract

Abstract. In order to design vortex generators for modern multi-megawatt wind turbines accurately, the 3D behaviour of the boundary layer has to be considered. Due to the rotation of the blade, the lift-enhancing rotational augmentation has a considerable impact, especially in the inner blade sections. To investigate the interaction of vortex generators and rotational augmentation, high-fidelity computational flow simulations by means of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes methods are presented for a rotating blade of a generic 2 MW horizontal-axis wind turbine. The inner blade section is analysed with and without vortex generators for two different pitch settings, including one causing largely separated flow. Two ways of placing the vortex generators on the blade with different radial starting positions are investigated in order to find out if the coexistence of the two lift-enhancement methods (i.e. rotational augmentation and vortex generators) is beneficial. All simulations are performed with the flow solver FLOWer, and the vortex generators are modelled by the introduction of source terms into the computational domain through a so-called BAY (Bender–Anderson–Yagle)-type model. For the case without vortex generators, it is found that the strength of rotational augmentation largely depends on the effective angles of attack (i.e. the pitch setting). For the case with lower effective angles of attack, rotational augmentation is a cyclic phenomenon, whereas for the case with higher effective angles of attack, it generates large loads in the inner root section due to a constant centrifugal pumping mechanism in time. The results from the cases with vortex generators display a rather destructive interaction of vortex generators and rotational augmentation on the torque. For low effective angles of attack and thus attached flow conditions, vortex generators exhibit slight losses compared to the case without vortex generators, as they inhibit spanwise flow through rotational augmentation. For high effective angles of attack, the vortex generators placed over 30 % of the blade produce an increase of 3.28 % in torque compared to the case without vortex generators and high centrifugal pumping.
装有涡发生器的2mw风力机叶片根部非定常空气动力学数值研究
摘要为了准确地为现代多兆瓦风力涡轮机设计涡流发生器,必须考虑边界层的三维行为。由于叶片的旋转,升力增强旋转增强具有相当大的影响,尤其是在内叶片部分。为了研究涡流发生器和旋转增强的相互作用,采用非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方法对通用2 MW水平轴风力涡轮机。针对两种不同的桨距设置,分析了有涡流发生器和无涡流发生器的内叶片截面,其中一种设置会导致很大程度的分离流。研究了将涡流发生器放置在具有不同径向起始位置的叶片上的两种方法,以找出两种升力增强方法(即旋转增强和涡流发生器)的共存是否有益。所有模拟都是用流动求解器FLOWer进行的,涡流发生器是通过所谓的BAY(Bender–Anderson–Yagle)型模型将源项引入计算域来建模的。对于没有涡流发生器的情况,发现旋转增强的强度在很大程度上取决于有效攻角(即螺距设置)。对于有效攻角较低的情况,旋转增大是一种循环现象,而对于有效攻角较高的情况,由于时间上恒定的离心泵送机构,旋转增大在内根部产生较大的载荷。涡流发生器情况下的结果显示,涡流发生器和扭矩的旋转增加之间存在相当破坏性的相互作用。对于较低的有效攻角和由此附加的流动条件,与没有涡流发生器的情况相比,涡流发生器表现出轻微的损失,因为它们通过旋转增大来抑制展向流动。对于高有效攻角,涡流发生器放置在30 % 叶片的产量增加了3.28 % 与没有涡流发生器和高离心泵送的情况相比,在扭矩方面。
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来源期刊
Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
27.50%
发文量
115
审稿时长
28 weeks
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