Thomas Becket, Henry II, Daughters and Sons: A Family Affair

Abstract

This study examines the intentions and activities of the children of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine in participating in or promoting the cult of Thomas Becket. It looks at the existing material evidence as well as historical accounts. Much valuable recent work has focused on the daughters, Matilda, Leonor and Joanna, and their patronage regarding Becket, which includes the iconography of an illuminated manuscript page, the dedication of an altar and the design of a monumental mosaic. Taking the patronage of the daughters out of isolation, they are seen here in the context of the whole family. Young Henry was particularly involved with his father’s penance and independently venerated Becket. Richard and John also inherited their father’s sense that Becket was a supporter of the crown and honoured him at his tomb at key moments in their lives. Without underestimating both the daughters and other women as patrons of the arts, the relevance of viewing women within the historical framework of their lives and relationships is emphasized, including recognizing the involvement of their husbands. The sibling’s connections with the martyr are also evaluated in the light of the phenomenal success of Becket’s cult that spread so swiftly following his canonization.