{"title":"Child Sexual Abuse and Medical Expertise in Nineteenth-Century France","authors":"E. Cage","doi":"10.1215/00161071-7558315","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Child sexual abuse was a prevalent problem that appeared before the courts with dramatically increasing frequency in nineteenth-century France. During this period medical experts played a much more influential role in the courts; however, those summoned to intervene in child sexual assault cases not only bolstered but also undermined efforts to bring offenders to justice. Many doctors who could not detect physical traces of sexual abuse concluded that the assault had not occurred and that the child's accusation was false. Furthermore, doctors routinely cast moral judgments on those identified as victims of sexual abuse. The understandings of childhood innocence that engendered new efforts to combat child sexual abuse were called into question by the simultaneous rise of medicolegal experts, whose frequent negative findings led many to discount accusations of abuse and to maintain that children, particularly girls and working-class children, were not as innocent as they seemed.Dans la France du dix-neuvième siècle, l'abus sexuel des enfants était un problème courant qui a de plus en plus préoccupé les tribunaux, où les experts médicaux jouaient un rôle grandissant. Cependant, les médecins appelés à intervenir dans les cas d'agression sexuelle d'enfants ont non seulement soutenu mais ont aussi miné les efforts de punir les coupables. De nombreux médecins qui ne pouvaient pas discerner de traces physiques d'abus sexuel ont conclu que l'agression sexuelle n'avait jamais eu lieu et que l'accusation de l'enfant n'était pas fondée. En outre, les médecins portaient régulièrement des jugements moraux sur les enfants identifiés comme victimes. L'idée de l'innocence de l'enfance, qui a suscité de nouveaux efforts pour lutter contre l'abus sexuel, a été remise en question par le respect croissant pour l'expertise médico-légale. Les conclusions souvent négatives des experts ont encouragé le public à ignorer les accusations d'abus et à maintenir que les enfants, en particulier les filles et les enfants de la classe ouvrière, n'étaient pas aussi innocents qu'ils en avaient l'air.","PeriodicalId":45311,"journal":{"name":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"FRENCH HISTORICAL STUDIES","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-7558315","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"HISTORY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Child sexual abuse was a prevalent problem that appeared before the courts with dramatically increasing frequency in nineteenth-century France. During this period medical experts played a much more influential role in the courts; however, those summoned to intervene in child sexual assault cases not only bolstered but also undermined efforts to bring offenders to justice. Many doctors who could not detect physical traces of sexual abuse concluded that the assault had not occurred and that the child's accusation was false. Furthermore, doctors routinely cast moral judgments on those identified as victims of sexual abuse. The understandings of childhood innocence that engendered new efforts to combat child sexual abuse were called into question by the simultaneous rise of medicolegal experts, whose frequent negative findings led many to discount accusations of abuse and to maintain that children, particularly girls and working-class children, were not as innocent as they seemed.Dans la France du dix-neuvième siècle, l'abus sexuel des enfants était un problème courant qui a de plus en plus préoccupé les tribunaux, où les experts médicaux jouaient un rôle grandissant. Cependant, les médecins appelés à intervenir dans les cas d'agression sexuelle d'enfants ont non seulement soutenu mais ont aussi miné les efforts de punir les coupables. De nombreux médecins qui ne pouvaient pas discerner de traces physiques d'abus sexuel ont conclu que l'agression sexuelle n'avait jamais eu lieu et que l'accusation de l'enfant n'était pas fondée. En outre, les médecins portaient régulièrement des jugements moraux sur les enfants identifiés comme victimes. L'idée de l'innocence de l'enfance, qui a suscité de nouveaux efforts pour lutter contre l'abus sexuel, a été remise en question par le respect croissant pour l'expertise médico-légale. Les conclusions souvent négatives des experts ont encouragé le public à ignorer les accusations d'abus et à maintenir que les enfants, en particulier les filles et les enfants de la classe ouvrière, n'étaient pas aussi innocents qu'ils en avaient l'air.
期刊介绍:
French Historical Studies, the leading journal on the history of France, publishes articles, commentaries, and research notes on all periods of French history from the Middle Ages to the present. The journal’s diverse format includes forums, review essays, special issues, and articles in French, as well as bilingual abstracts of the articles in each issue. Also featured are bibliographies of recent articles, dissertations and books in French history, and announcements of fellowships, prizes, and conferences of interest to French historians.