Gender Disparities in Post-Conflict Societies: A Cross-National Analysis

IF 3.3 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Feminist Economics Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI:10.1080/13545701.2021.1901128

Aniruddha Mitra, James T. Bang

{"title":"Gender Disparities in Post-Conflict Societies: A Cross-National Analysis","authors":"Aniruddha Mitra, James T. Bang","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2021.1901128","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article investigates the impacts of conflict, resolution, and post-conflict democracy on gender bias. Exploring this question poses two methodological concerns. The first regards selection bias in which countries experience conflict and its resolution. The study addresses this issue using a generalization of the Heckman procedure. The second is that post-conflict democracy is likely endogenous to the level of pre-conflict democracy. This issue is addressed using two-stage least squares. Results show that conflict unambiguously worsens gender outcomes with respect to secondary school enrollment, labor force participation, fertility, and parliamentary representation. However, it does not affect the gap in life expectancy. Conflict resolution improves gender outcomes significantly, but not always by a magnitude that restores pre-conflict levels of equality. Greater post-conflict democratization improves parliamentary representation of women and the gender gaps in life expectancy and secondary school enrollment. However, it worsens the gap in labor force participation. HIGHLIGHTS The study corrects selection bias in conflict and its resolution with a three-step procedure. It instruments for post-conflict democratization using legal origin and geography. Conflict worsens gender inequities in education, the labor force, and representation. Conflict resolution mitigates most conflict-induced inequities, but not fully. Democratization further improves equity in representation and schooling.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":"134 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13545701.2021.1901128","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Feminist Economics","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2021.1901128","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Abstract

ABSTRACT This article investigates the impacts of conflict, resolution, and post-conflict democracy on gender bias. Exploring this question poses two methodological concerns. The first regards selection bias in which countries experience conflict and its resolution. The study addresses this issue using a generalization of the Heckman procedure. The second is that post-conflict democracy is likely endogenous to the level of pre-conflict democracy. This issue is addressed using two-stage least squares. Results show that conflict unambiguously worsens gender outcomes with respect to secondary school enrollment, labor force participation, fertility, and parliamentary representation. However, it does not affect the gap in life expectancy. Conflict resolution improves gender outcomes significantly, but not always by a magnitude that restores pre-conflict levels of equality. Greater post-conflict democratization improves parliamentary representation of women and the gender gaps in life expectancy and secondary school enrollment. However, it worsens the gap in labor force participation. HIGHLIGHTS The study corrects selection bias in conflict and its resolution with a three-step procedure. It instruments for post-conflict democratization using legal origin and geography. Conflict worsens gender inequities in education, the labor force, and representation. Conflict resolution mitigates most conflict-induced inequities, but not fully. Democratization further improves equity in representation and schooling.

查看原文本刊更多论文

冲突后社会的性别差异:一项跨国分析

本文探讨了冲突、解决冲突和冲突后民主对性别偏见的影响。探索这个问题涉及到两个方法论问题。第一个是关于国家经历冲突及其解决的选择偏见。该研究使用赫克曼程序的概括来解决这个问题。第二，冲突后的民主可能是冲突前民主水平的内生因素。使用两阶段最小二乘解决了这个问题。结果表明，在中学入学率、劳动力参与率、生育率和议会代表性方面，冲突无疑恶化了性别结果。然而，这并不影响预期寿命的差距。冲突解决方案显著改善了性别结果，但并不总是能在很大程度上恢复冲突前的平等水平。冲突后更大程度的民主化改善了妇女在议会中的代表性，减少了预期寿命和中学入学率方面的性别差距。然而，这加剧了劳动参与率的差距。本研究通过三步程序纠正冲突中的选择偏差及其解决方案。它利用法律渊源和地理为冲突后民主化提供工具。冲突加剧了教育、劳动力和代表权方面的性别不平等。冲突解决减轻了大多数冲突引起的不平等，但不是完全的。民主化进一步提高了代表权和受教育的公平性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Feminist Economics Multiple-

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

4.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Feminist Economics is a peer-reviewed journal that provides an open forum for dialogue and debate about feminist economic perspectives. By opening new areas of economic inquiry, welcoming diverse voices, and encouraging critical exchanges, the journal enlarges and enriches economic discourse. The goal of Feminist Economics is not just to develop more illuminating theories but to improve the conditions of living for all children, women, and men. Feminist Economics: -Advances feminist inquiry into economic issues affecting the lives of children, women, and men -Examines the relationship between gender and power in the economy and the construction and legitimization of economic knowledge -Extends feminist theoretical, historical, and methodological contributions to economics and the economy -Offers feminist insights into the underlying constructs of the economics discipline and into the historical, political, and cultural context of economic knowledge -Provides a feminist rethinking of theory and policy in diverse fields, including those not directly related to gender -Stimulates discussions among diverse scholars worldwide and from a broad spectrum of intellectual traditions, welcoming cross-disciplinary and cross-country perspectives, especially from countries in the South