Disability and social policy: Global evidence and perspectives

IF 1.5 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE

Global Social Policy Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI:10.1177/14680181221146030

Sophie Mitra, Q. Gao

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Abstract

Introduction The term ‘disability’ is complex and elusive as individuals and cultures often have different understandings of disability (Goodley, 2016). As noted by Oliver (1986), if disability is considered within ‘a personal tragedy theory of disability’, it is then outside the realm of social policy. Similarly, if it is understood as a medical notion, its relevance is limited to health care policy. However, modern conceptualizations of disability frame disability as an interactional or relational notion, one that results from an individual with a health condition interacting with structural factors and resources (Goodley, 2016; Mitra, 2018). Structural factors, be they barriers in the physical environment, negative attitudes, discrimination or resources, may and should be addressed by social policies. The United Nations (UN) has adopted a human rights perspective on disability. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is a global human rights treaty adopted in 2006. The CRPD aims ‘to promote, protect, and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity’. It has been ratified by 185 countries as of November 2022. There are two broad components to the implementation of the CRPD. The first consists in adopting laws and policies in line with the provisions of the CRPD and the second includes non-legal strategies toward advocacy and social change. Both aim to lead to the full participation of persons with disabilities in society by mainstreaming disability in development strategies (United Nations, 2019). Disability has received little attention in the field of global social policy. While there has been research on social protection policies targeting individuals with disability and their families, limited work has considered disability in other areas of global social policy such as education, health, healthcare, and employment. Guided by the human rights

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残疾和社会政策:全球证据和观点

引言“残疾”一词既复杂又难以捉摸，因为个人和文化对残疾的理解往往不同（Goodley，2016）。正如Oliver（1986）所指出的，如果残疾被认为是“残疾的个人悲剧理论”，那么它就超出了社会政策的范畴。同样，如果它被理解为一个医学概念，那么它的相关性仅限于医疗保健政策。然而，残疾的现代概念化将残疾定义为一个相互作用或关系的概念，一个由健康状况的个体与结构因素和资源相互作用产生的概念（Goodley，2016；Mitra，2018）。结构性因素，无论是物质环境中的障碍、消极态度、歧视还是资源，都可以而且应该通过社会政策加以解决。联合国对残疾问题采取了人权观点。《联合国残疾人权利公约》是2006年通过的一项全球人权条约。《残疾人权利公约》旨在“促进、保护和确保所有残疾人充分平等地享有所有人权和基本自由，并促进对其固有尊严的尊重”。截至2022年11月，已有185个国家批准了该法案。《残疾人权利公约》的实施有两个广泛的组成部分。第一个是通过符合《残疾人权利公约》规定的法律和政策，第二个包括倡导和社会变革的非法律战略。两者都旨在通过将残疾问题纳入发展战略的主流，使残疾人充分参与社会（联合国，2019年）。残疾问题在全球社会政策领域很少受到关注。虽然已经对针对残疾人及其家庭的社会保护政策进行了研究，但有限的工作在教育、健康、医疗保健和就业等全球社会政策的其他领域也考虑了残疾问题。以人权为指导

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来源期刊

Global Social Policy POLITICAL SCIENCE-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

6.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Global Social Policy is a fully peer-reviewed journal that advances the understanding of the impact of globalisation processes upon social policy and social development on the one hand, and the impact of social policy upon globalisation processes on the other hand. The journal analyses the contributions of a range of national and international actors, both governmental and non-governmental, to global social policy and social development discourse and practice. Global Social Policy publishes scholarly policy-oriented articles and reports that focus on aspects of social policy and social and human development as broadly defined in the context of globalisation be it in contemporary or historical contexts.