GAFA's information infrastructure distribution: Interconnection dynamics in the global North versus global South

IF 4.1 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Policy and Internet Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI:10.1002/poi3.278

Fernanda R. Rosa, J. Hauge

引用次数: 5

Abstract

We analyze public points of interconnection of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple (GAFA) in the global North versus the global South to determine the degree to which their location preferences differ, if at all. We ﬁ nd that there is a statistically signi ﬁ cant difference in GAFA locating in the global North versus the global South — a difference based on a country's wealth, speci ﬁ cally as given by per capita GNI. Approximately 38% of countries classi ﬁ ed as global North have a GAFA public point of interconnection, while 16% of those classi ﬁ ed as global South do. Apple has approximately 92% of its presence in the global North, followed by Amazon (82.5%), Facebook (73%), and Google (72%). Our ﬁ ndings suggest that competition and antitrust policy discussions of digital platforms should include information on the dynamics of interconnection infrastructure distribution, and for that, such information must be available. We also assert that a global consideration of the digital platforms market is necessary.

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GAFA的信息基础设施分布：全球北方与全球南方的互联动态

我们分析了谷歌、亚马逊、脸书和苹果（GAFA）在全球北方和全球南方的公共互联点，以确定他们的位置偏好差异程度（如果有的话）。我们发现，全球北方和全球南方的GAFA在统计上存在显著差异——这一差异基于一个国家的财富，特别是人均国民总收入。在被归类为全球北方的国家中，约有38%拥有GAFA公共互联点，而被归类为南方的国家中有16%拥有。苹果在全球北方的业务约占92%，其次是亚马逊（82.5%）、脸书（73%）和谷歌（72%）。我们的研究结果表明，数字平台的竞争和反垄断政策讨论应包括有关互联基础设施分布动态的信息，为此，必须提供此类信息。我们还断言，对数字平台市场进行全球考虑是必要的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Policy and Internet Multiple-

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

10.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： Understanding public policy in the age of the Internet requires understanding how individuals, organizations, governments and networks behave, and what motivates them in this new environment. Technological innovation and internet-mediated interaction raise both challenges and opportunities for public policy: whether in areas that have received much work already (e.g. digital divides, digital government, and privacy) or newer areas, like regulation of data-intensive technologies and platforms, the rise of precarious labour, and regulatory responses to misinformation and hate speech. We welcome innovative research in areas where the Internet already impacts public policy, where it raises new challenges or dilemmas, or provides opportunities for policy that is smart and equitable. While we welcome perspectives from any academic discipline, we look particularly for insight that can feed into social science disciplines like political science, public administration, economics, sociology, and communication. We welcome articles that introduce methodological innovation, theoretical development, or rigorous data analysis concerning a particular question or problem of public policy.