ANALISIS YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEREDARAN OBAT TRADISIONAL BERBAHAN KIMIA OBAT

Abstract

Masyarakat Indonesia berkembang berbagai obat tradisional. Namun, banyak beredar di pasaran beberapa obat tradisional yang didalamnya dicampuri bahan kimia obat (BKO). Peraturan yang mengandung aspek perlindungan konsumen obat tradisional sebetulnya telah ada dan tersebar dalam berbagai peraturan di Indonesia. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini tentang dasar hukum perlindungan konsumen terhadap peredaran obat tradisional yang mengandung BKO dan analisis yuridis perlindungan konsumen terhadap peredaran obat tradisional yang mengandung BKO. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Library Research, dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh, pertama: Peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur perlindungan konsumen dapat dikelompokkan dalam empat bagian, yaitu: bidang perindustrian, perdagangan, kesehatan dan lingkungan hidup. Dasar hukum perlindungan konsumen obat tradisional BKO terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1992 tentang Kesehatan, dapat pula dijumpai dalam UUD 1945, KUH Perdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan, Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Perindustrian, Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 69 Tahun 1999 tentang Label dan Iklan Pangan dan Permenkes RI Nomor: 246/Menkes/ Per/V/1990. Kedua, masalah perlindungan konsumen terhadap peredaran obat tradisional BKO ini tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan tahapan-tahapan transaksi konsumen lainnya. Yang berlaku bukan lagi caveat emptor (bahwa konsumenlah yang harus berhati-hati), tetapi caveat venditor yaitu produsen/ penjual/penyalur produk atau kreditorlah yang harus bertanggung jawab, yang lazim disebut tanggung jawab produk. Dengan kata lain undang-undang tersebut hanya mengatur kepentingan konsumen dari sisi produsen atau pelaku usaha. Sementara dari sisi lain yang terpenting, hak-hak konsumen terabaikan. Indonesian people develop various traditional medicines. However, many are circulating in the market some traditional medicines in which are mixed with medicinal chemicals. Regulations that contain aspects of consumer protection for traditional medicines actually exist and are spread in various regulations in Indonesia. The formulation of the problem of this research is about the legal basis of consumer protection against the circulation of traditional medicins containing medicinal chemicals and the juridical analysis of consumer protection against the circulation of traditional medicins containing medicinal chemicals. This type of research is library research, with an analytical descriptive approach. From the results of the study, first: laws that regulate consumer protection can be grouped into four parts, namely: the fields of industry, trade, health and the environment. The legal basis for the protection of consumers of traditional medicinal chemicals medicins contained in the regulation of law about consumer protection 1999 Number 8 and also in the regulation of law about health in 1992 point 23. Moreover, it can also be found in in the KUH Perdata 1945 and then in the regulation of law about Trade 2014 number 7, regulation of law about industry 2014  number 3, in the regulation of Law 2012 about Food, number 18 and the Government Regulation 1999 about Labels and Advertisement of Food 1999 Number 69 and Minister of Health Regulation 1990 Number 246. Secondly, the problem of consumer protection against the circulation of traditional medicinal chemicals medicins cannot be separated from the steps of the other consumer transactions. What applies is no longer the caveat venditor (that consumers must be careful), but the caveat venditor, which is the producer/seller/distributor of the product or the creditor, must be responsible, which is commonly called product responsibility. In other words, the law only regulates the interests of consumers in terms of producers or business actors. While from the other important side, consumer rights are neglected.