Desenvolvimentos da internacionalização da educação superior no Brasil

Abstract

espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es analizar desarrollos recientes en la internacionalizacion de la educacion superior brasilena, con base en los principales programas gubernamentales destinados a promover el processo de internacionalizacionentre 2011 y2018. Especificamente, se abordan tres programas: “Ciencia sin Fronteras (CsF)”, en vigor desde 2011 hasta 2015; “Idiomas sin Fronteras (IsF)”, implementado en 2012; y el “Programa de Internacionalizacion Institucional (Capes-PrInt)”, implementado en 2018, dandomayor enfasis altercero. El texto se desarrolla con la combinacion de recursos bibliograficos y documentales y sostiene los siguientes argumentos: 1. En Brasil, la comprension de la internacionalizacion de la educacion superior ha evolucionado desdeun sinonimo de movilidad academica internacional, centrada en las personas, hasta una concepcion mas integral del fenomeno, centrada en la transformacion de la universidad; 2. A pesar de las nuevas direcciones, la internacionalizacion sigue principalmentevinculada a los intereses de desarrollo del Estado; 3. Estas direcciones indican que este proceso se consolida en el pais de manera hegemonica, en linea con la perspectiva dominante en el mundo. Despues del analisis de los tres programas, se concluye el articulo con reflexiones planteadas por la perspectiva de internacionalizacion recientemente propuesta por el gobierno federal a las Instituciones Federales de Educacion Superior (IFES) a traves del programa'Future-se', con enfasis en tres aspectos: la amenaza de la autonomia administrativa de la universidad, la interferencia de organismos ajenos a la vida academica de la institucion y la presion para la autofinanciacion por medio de la diversificacion de fuentes de financiacion. EnglishThe purpose of this paper is to analyze recent developments in the internationalization of Brazilian higher education, based on the main government programs aimed at promoting this process between 2011 and2018. Specifically, three programs are addressed, with greater emphasis on the third: “Science without Borders (SwB)”, from 2011 to 2015; “Languages without Borders (LwB)”, started in 2012; and the “Institutional Internationalization Program (Capes-PrInt)”, started in 2018. The text is developed with acombination of bibliographic and documentary resources and sustains the following arguments: 1. In Brazil, the understanding of internationalization of higher education has evolved from a synonym for international academic mobility, centered on individuals, to a more comprehensive conception of the phenomenon, focused on the transformation of the university institution; 2. Despite the new directions, in the period in evidence, internationalization remains mostly linked to the State's developmental interests; 3. These directions signal that this process has consolidated in the country in a hegemonic way, aligned with the worldwide dominant perspective. After analyzing the three programs, the paper concludes with reflections raised by the perspective of internationalization recently proposed by the federal government to the Federal Higher Education Institutions (IFES) throughthe'Future-se'program, with emphasis on three aspects: the threat to the university's administrative autonomy; the interference by foreign bodies in the academic life of the institutions; and the pressures for self-financing due to the diversification of funding sources.