Short-Term Stream and Riparian Responses to Beaver Dam Analogs on a Low-Gradient Channel Lacking Woody Riparian Vegetation

IF 0.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY
M. Orr, Nicholas P. Weber, Wesley N. Noone, Megan G. Mooney, Taiontorake M. Oakes, Heather M. Broughton
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Abstract As ecosystem engineers, beavers (Castor canadensis) influence biogeomorphology and riparian vegetation. Streams with historic beaver removal and grazing often become incised, thereby altering stream and riparian processes. Anthropogenic structures that mimic beaver dams called beaver dam analogs (BDAs) may reverse incision by reintroducing historic processes. To understand BDAs as a process-based restoration tool, monitoring is needed across a range of watershed and stream conditions, but monitoring lags behind implementation. We constructed five BDAs in Central Oregon, on a low-gradient stream to test whether it may transport sufficient sediment to favor streambed aggradation behind BDAs. The stream also lacks woody riparian vegetation, and we examined how water temperatures and restoration plantings respond to BDAs where woody riparian vegetation is absent. We monitored structure integrity, aggradation, water temperature, groundwater, and vegetation for 1–2 yr after structures were installed. BDAs retained flows equally whether they were constructed from on-site juniper or off-site willow. During high flows, three structures failed and were rebuilt using improved design. After one year, aggradation of sediment above the two structures that survived flooding was negligible at one structure and high (33.7 m3) at the other. Groundwater levels rose 18–30 cm up to 135 m upstream of BDAs and 12 m into the floodplain. We found no evidence that BDAs raised stream temperatures. Within six months, willow cuttings planted near BDAs exhibited 1.3 times more growth than those on unimpounded locations. Overall, BDAs promoted a restoration trajectory on a low-gradient stream lacking woody riparian vegetation.
在缺乏木质河岸植被的低坡度河道上,海狸坝对河流和河岸的短期响应
摘要作为生态系统工程师,海狸(加拿大海狸)影响着生物地球形态和河岸植被。具有历史意义的海狸迁移和放牧的溪流经常被切割,从而改变溪流和河岸的过程。被称为海狸坝类似物(BDA)的模仿海狸坝的人为结构可能会通过重新引入历史过程来逆转切口。为了将BDA理解为一种基于过程的恢复工具,需要对一系列流域和溪流条件进行监测,但监测滞后于实施。我们在俄勒冈州中部的一条低梯度河流上建造了五个BDA,以测试它是否可以输送足够的沉积物来促进BDA后面的河床沉积。该河流也缺乏木质河岸植被,我们研究了在没有木质河岸植被的情况下,水温和恢复植物对BDA的反应。结构安装后,我们对结构完整性、沉积、水温、地下水和植被进行了1-2年的监测。BDA无论是用现场的杜松子还是场外的柳树建造,都能同样地保持流量。在高流量期间,有三个结构发生故障,并采用改进的设计进行了重建。一年后,两个结构物上方的沉积物在洪水中幸存下来,其中一个结构物的沉积可以忽略不计,另一个结构体的沉积量很高(33.7 m3)。BDA上游135米处的地下水位上升了18–30厘米,泛滥平原内的地下水位也上升了12米。我们没有发现任何证据表明BDA提高了气流温度。在六个月内,在BDA附近种植的柳树插条的生长量是未受影响地区的1.3倍。总体而言,BDA促进了缺乏木质河岸植被的低梯度河流的恢复轨迹。
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来源期刊
Northwest Science
Northwest Science 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
23
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: The pages of Northwest Science are open to original and fundamental research in the basic, applied, and social sciences. All submissions are refereed by at least two qualified peer reviewers. Papers are welcome from authors outside of the Pacific Northwest if the topic is suitable to our regional audience.
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