Wrongful Convictions

IF 6.3 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Annual Review of Criminology Pub Date : 2020-01-13 DOI:10.18356/6c5bff62-en

Brandon L. Garrett

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

In response to wrongful convictions, there has been a revolution in criminal procedure and research in law and science. This review seeks to summarize the cross-disciplinary explosion in work studying known wrongful convictions, examining their causes, and assessing policy reforms designed to help detect and prevent errors in criminal justice. Scholars have increasingly studied the characteristics of known wrongful-conviction cases, including by analyzing archival records and by creating public registries of exonerations. Scholars have conducted research in law, psychology, statistics, criminology, and other disciplines, as well as interdisciplinary research, designed to better understand the phenomenon of wrongful convictions and how to prevent errors. Scientific bodies, such as the National Academy of Sciences, have made important recommendations based on this research. Furthermore, the conversation is global, with litigation, research, and policy work across jurisdictions. A wide range of jurisdictions have adopted noteworthy changes designed to safeguard crucial types of evidence, such as confession, forensic, and eyewitness evidence, during police investigations and at trial. As a result, law and science have increasingly come together to produce tangible improvements to criminal justice.

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误判

为了应对错误定罪，刑事诉讼以及法律和科学研究发生了一场革命。本次审查旨在总结研究已知错误定罪、审查其原因以及评估旨在帮助发现和预防刑事司法错误的政策改革的跨学科工作激增。学者们越来越多地研究已知错误定罪案件的特征，包括分析档案记录和建立无罪释放的公共登记处。学者们在法律、心理学、统计学、犯罪学和其他学科以及跨学科研究中进行了研究，旨在更好地了解错误定罪现象以及如何防止错误。美国国家科学院等科学机构根据这项研究提出了重要建议。此外，对话是全球性的，涉及司法管辖区的诉讼、研究和政策工作。广泛的司法管辖区都采取了值得注意的变化，旨在在警方调查和审判期间保护关键类型的证据，如供词、法医和目击者证据。因此，法律和科学越来越多地结合在一起，对刑事司法产生了切实的改善。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annual Review of Criminology CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

2.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Annual Review of Criminology provides comprehensive reviews of significant developments in the multidisciplinary field of criminology, defined as the study of both the nature of criminal behavior and societal reactions to crime.