Increasing Eupopulism as a megatrend in east central Europe: from facade democracies to velvet dictatorships

A. Ágh
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Abstract Brexit and Donald Trump’s victory in the 2016 US presidential election has launched a wave of discussions in the international media and political science literature on “authoritarian populism” and a “populist explosion.” Although this paper also reflects on this new wave of populism in the West, it concentrates on the connections between democracy’s decline and the so-called populist explosion in eastern central Europe (ECE) and closely investigates the Hungarian case within the context of ECE. This paper describes populism in ECE as a product of the transition from fading facade democracies to emerging velvet dictatorships. These velvet dictatorships rely on the soft power of media and communication rather on the hard power of state violence. Paradoxically, the ruling anti-elite populist parties have developed a system of populism from above, managed by the new politico-business elite. Populism (social and national) and Euroscepticism are the two most basic, and twin, terms used to describe these new (semi)authoritarian regimes. Populism and Euroscepticism are convertible; they are two sides of the same coin as they express the same divergence from the EU mainstream. Therefore, this paper introduces the term: Eupopulism.
欧洲民粹主义日益成为中东欧的大趋势:从表面民主到天鹅绒独裁
摘要英国脱欧和唐纳德·特朗普在2016年美国总统大选中的胜利在国际媒体和政治学文献中引发了一波关于“威权民粹主义”和“民粹主义爆炸”的讨论。尽管本文也反思了西方新一波民粹主义,它专注于民主的衰落与中东欧所谓的民粹主义爆发之间的联系,并在欧洲经委会的背景下密切调查匈牙利的案件。本文将欧洲经委会的民粹主义描述为从衰落的表面民主向新兴的天鹅绒独裁过渡的产物。这些天鹅绒独裁政权依赖媒体和传播的软实力,而不是国家暴力的硬实力。矛盾的是,执政的反精英民粹主义政党从上层发展了一个民粹主义体系,由新的政治商业精英管理。民粹主义(社会和国家)和欧洲怀疑主义是用来描述这些新的(半)独裁政权的两个最基本的、也是双胞胎的术语。民粹主义和欧洲怀疑主义是可以转换的;它们是一枚硬币的两面,因为它们表达了与欧盟主流的相同分歧。因此,本文引入了“真民粹主义”一词。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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