Plant diversity and Ecological Intensification in crop production systems

IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
R. Brooker, C. Hawes, P. Iannetta, A. Karley, D. Renard
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Ecological Intensification (EI) is the enhancement of ecosystem services to complement or substitute for the role of anthropogenic inputs in maintaining or increasing yields. EI has potential to increase farming’s environmental sustainability, for example reducing environmentally harmful management activities while sustaining yields. EI is based upon ecological processes which in turn are influenced by biodiversity. We review how biodiversity — particularly vascular plant diversity — can regulate ecosystem processes relevant to EI at multiple spatial scales. At an individual plant genotype level, complementarity in functional traits has a direct impact on productivity. At in-field, population level, mixtures of crop types confer resilience to minimise the risk of pest and disease incidence and spread. Scaling up to the field level, a diversity of non-crop plants (i.e. weeds) provides resources necessary for in-field functional processes, both below ground (carbon inputs, decomposition) and above ground (resource continuity for pollinators and natural enemies). At the landscape scale, mosaics of semi-natural and managed vegetation provide buffers against extreme events through flood and drought risk mitigation, climate amelioration and pest population regulation. Overall this emphasises the importance of heterogeneity across scales in maintaining ecosystem functions in farmland. Major research challenges highlighted by our review include the need: to better integrate plant functional diversity (from traits to habitat scales) into cropping system design; to quantify the (likely interactive) contribution of plant diversity for effective EI relative to other management options; and to optimise through targeted management the system function benefits of biodiversity for resilient, efficient and productive agroecosystems.
作物生产系统中的植物多样性与生态强化
生态强化(EI)是指增强生态系统服务,以补充或替代人为投入在维持或增加产量方面的作用。EI有可能提高农业的环境可持续性,例如在保持产量的同时减少对环境有害的管理活动。EI以生态过程为基础,而生态过程又受到生物多样性的影响。我们回顾了生物多样性——特别是维管植物多样性——如何在多个空间尺度上调节与EI相关的生态系统过程。在个体植物基因型水平上,功能性状的互补性对生产力有直接影响。在田间和种群层面,作物类型的混合物具有抵御能力,可将病虫害发生和传播的风险降至最低。扩大到田间水平,非作物植物(即杂草)的多样性为田间功能过程提供了必要的资源,包括地下(碳输入、分解)和地上(传粉昆虫和天敌的资源连续性)。在景观尺度上,半自然和管理植被的马赛克通过减轻洪水和干旱风险、改善气候和调节害虫种群,为应对极端事件提供了缓冲。总的来说,这强调了跨尺度异质性在维持农田生态系统功能方面的重要性。我们的综述强调的主要研究挑战包括:需要将植物功能多样性(从性状到栖息地尺度)更好地融入种植系统设计;相对于其他管理方案,量化植物多样性对有效EI的贡献(可能是相互作用的);并通过有针对性的管理优化生物多样性的系统功能效益,以实现有弹性、高效和多产的农业生态系统。
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来源期刊
Journal of Plant Ecology
Journal of Plant Ecology 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
18.50%
发文量
134
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Plant Ecology (JPE) serves as an important medium for ecologists to present research findings and discuss challenging issues in the broad field of plants and their interactions with biotic and abiotic environment. The JPE will cover all aspects of plant ecology, including plant ecophysiology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology and landscape ecology as well as conservation ecology, evolutionary ecology, and theoretical ecology.
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