The upGREAT Dual Frequency Heterodyne Arrays for SOFIA

IF 1.5 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI:10.1142/S2251171718400147

C. Risacher, R. Güsten, J. Stutzki, H. Hübers, R. Aladro, A. Bell, C. Buchbender, D. Büchel, T. Csengeri, C. Durán, U. Graf, R. Higgins, C. Honingh, K. Jacobs, M. Justen, B. Klein, M. Mertens, Y. Okada, A. Parikka, P. Pütz, Nicolás Reyes, Nicolás Reyes, H. Richter, Oliver Ricken, D. Riquelme, N. Rothbart, N. Schneider, R. Simon, M. Wienold, H. Wiesemeyer, M. Ziebart, Paul Fusco, S. Rosner, S. Rosner, B. Wohler, B. Wohler

{"title":"The upGREAT Dual Frequency Heterodyne Arrays for SOFIA","authors":"C. Risacher, R. Güsten, J. Stutzki, H. Hübers, R. Aladro, A. Bell, C. Buchbender, D. Büchel, T. Csengeri, C. Durán, U. Graf, R. Higgins, C. Honingh, K. Jacobs, M. Justen, B. Klein, M. Mertens, Y. Okada, A. Parikka, P. Pütz, Nicolás Reyes, Nicolás Reyes, H. Richter, Oliver Ricken, D. Riquelme, N. Rothbart, N. Schneider, R. Simon, M. Wienold, H. Wiesemeyer, M. Ziebart, Paul Fusco, S. Rosner, S. Rosner, B. Wohler, B. Wohler","doi":"10.1142/S2251171718400147","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We present the performance of the upGREAT heterodyne array receivers on the SOFIA telescope after several years of operations. This instrument is a multi-pixel high resolution ([Formula: see text]) spectrometer for the Stratospheric Observatory for Far-Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). The receivers use 7-pixel subarrays configured in a hexagonal layout around a central pixel. The low frequency array receiver (LFA) has [Formula: see text] pixels (dual polarization), and presently covers the 1.83–2.07[Formula: see text]THz frequency range, which allows to observe the [CII] and [OI] lines at 158[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and 145[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m wavelengths. The high frequency array (HFA) covers the [OI] line at 63[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and is equipped with one polarization at the moment (7 pixels, which can be upgraded in the near future with a second polarization array). The 4.7[Formula: see text]THz array has successfully flown using two separate quantum-cascade laser local oscillators from two different groups. NASA completed the development, integration and testing of a dual-channel closed-cycle cryocooler system, with two independently operable He compressors, aboard SOFIA in early 2017 and since then, both arrays can be operated in parallel using a frequency separating dichroic mirror. This configuration is now the prime GREAT configuration and has been added to SOFIA’s instrument suite since observing cycle 6.","PeriodicalId":45132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2251171718400147","citationCount":"44","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171718400147","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Abstract

We present the performance of the upGREAT heterodyne array receivers on the SOFIA telescope after several years of operations. This instrument is a multi-pixel high resolution ([Formula: see text]) spectrometer for the Stratospheric Observatory for Far-Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). The receivers use 7-pixel subarrays configured in a hexagonal layout around a central pixel. The low frequency array receiver (LFA) has [Formula: see text] pixels (dual polarization), and presently covers the 1.83–2.07[Formula: see text]THz frequency range, which allows to observe the [CII] and [OI] lines at 158[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and 145[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m wavelengths. The high frequency array (HFA) covers the [OI] line at 63[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and is equipped with one polarization at the moment (7 pixels, which can be upgraded in the near future with a second polarization array). The 4.7[Formula: see text]THz array has successfully flown using two separate quantum-cascade laser local oscillators from two different groups. NASA completed the development, integration and testing of a dual-channel closed-cycle cryocooler system, with two independently operable He compressors, aboard SOFIA in early 2017 and since then, both arrays can be operated in parallel using a frequency separating dichroic mirror. This configuration is now the prime GREAT configuration and has been added to SOFIA’s instrument suite since observing cycle 6.

查看原文本刊更多论文

用于SOFIA的upGREAT双频外差阵列

本文介绍了经过几年的运行，upGREAT外差阵列接收机在SOFIA望远镜上的性能。该仪器是平流层远红外天文观测台(SOFIA)的多像素高分辨率光谱仪。接收器使用围绕中心像素以六边形布局配置的7像素子阵列。低频阵列接收器(LFA)具有[公式:见文]像素(双偏振)，目前覆盖1.83-2.07[公式:见文]太赫兹频率范围，允许在158[公式:见文][公式:见文]m和145[公式:见文][公式:见文]m波长处观察[CII]和[OI]线。高频阵列(high frequency array, HFA)覆盖63 m[公式:见文][公式:见文]m处的[OI]线，目前配备一个极化(7像素，可在不久的将来升级为第二个极化阵列)。4.7太赫兹阵列已经成功地使用来自两个不同组的两个单独的量子级联激光局部振荡器飞行。2017年初，NASA在SOFIA上完成了双通道闭式循环制冷机系统的开发、集成和测试，该系统具有两个独立可操作的He压缩机，从那时起，两个阵列可以使用频率分离二向色镜并行运行。这种配置现在是主要的GREAT配置，并且自观测周期6以来已添加到SOFIA的仪器套件中。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS-

CiteScore

2.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation (JAI) publishes papers describing instruments and components being proposed, developed, under construction and in use. JAI also publishes papers that describe facility operations, lessons learned in design, construction, and operation, algorithms and their implementations, and techniques, including calibration, that are fundamental elements of instrumentation. The journal focuses on astronomical instrumentation topics in all wavebands (Radio to Gamma-Ray) and includes the disciplines of Heliophysics, Space Weather, Lunar and Planetary Science, Exoplanet Exploration, and Astroparticle Observation (cosmic rays, cosmic neutrinos, etc.). Concepts, designs, components, algorithms, integrated systems, operations, data archiving techniques and lessons learned applicable but not limited to the following platforms are pertinent to this journal. Example topics are listed below each platform, and it is recognized that many of these topics are relevant to multiple platforms. Relevant platforms include: Ground-based observatories[...] Stratospheric aircraft[...] Balloons and suborbital rockets[...] Space-based observatories and systems[...] Landers and rovers, and other planetary-based instrument concepts[...]