A Synopsis of Introduced and Native Seaweeds from 14 Open Coastal and Estuarine Sites within Southern Maine and New Hampshire, U.S.A.

Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI:10.3119/19-09
A. Mathieson, C. Dawes
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

ABSTRACT Floristic studies of introduced and native seaweed populations from 14 open coastal and estuarine sites within southern Maine and New Hampshire were documented between 1965 and 2017. A total of 186 seaweed taxa were recorded, including 15 introduced (8.1%) and 171 native (91.9%) species. The highest species diversity (123 taxa) occurred at the open coastal Seapoint Beach site in Kittery, Maine, and an estuarine tidal rapid site at Dover Point, New Hampshire, with 106 taxa. The numbers of introduced species per site ranged from 2–11. The percent occurrence patterns for the 15 introduced seaweeds were highly variable, with Codium fragile subsp. fragile and Ulonema rhizophorum being restricted to single sites (7%), Melanothamnus harveyi occurring at 12 sites (86%), and Agarophyton vermiculophyllum and Dasysiphonia japonica at 13 sites (93%). The geographical origins and initial collection dates for the 15 introduced taxa were highly variable, with their initial collections ranging from 1848 (M. harveyi) to 2007 (D. japonica). Codium fragile subsp. fragile had the most protracted period between its initial occurrence at Orient Point, New York, in 1957 and in northern New England 40 years later (i.e., 1997). By contrast, several other introduced taxa had rapid geographic expansions within five years. The numbers and abundance of introduced species in the Gulf of Maine have increased dramatically between 1986 and 2017, with nine recorded in 1986 and 15 in 2017. Two native warm-water red algae (Agardhiella subulata and Gelidium crinale) showed sudden northward expansions during 2016 and 2017, respectively. Their presence may be associated with global warming, which is presently occurring at an alarming rate within the Gulf of Maine and exceeds many areas within the world.
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美国缅因州南部和新罕布什尔州14个开放海岸和河口地区引种和本地海藻概述
1965年至2017年,对缅因州南部和新罕布什尔州14个开放沿海和河口地点的引进和本地海藻种群进行了植物区系研究。共记录到海藻186个分类群,其中引进种15个(8.1%),本地种171个(91.9%)。物种多样性最高的是缅因州基特里沿海开放的海岬海滩遗址(123个类群)和新罕布什尔州多佛角河口潮汐快速遗址(106个类群)。每个站点的引种数在2 ~ 11种之间。15种引种海藻的发生率变化很大,其中Codium属易碎亚种;易碎菌和根草菌(Ulonema rhizophorum)仅分布在单个地点(7%),黑霉菌(Melanothamnus harveyi)分布在12个地点(86%),蠕门Agarophyton vermiculophylum和Dasysiphonia japonica分布在13个地点(93%)。15个引进分类群的地理起源和初始采集日期差异很大,其初始采集时间从1848年(M. harveyi)到2007年(D. japonica)不等。Codium易碎亚纲从1957年在纽约东方角的首次出现到40年后(即1997年)在新英格兰北部的时间最长。相比之下,其他几个引进的分类群在五年内迅速地在地理上扩张。1986年至2017年间,缅因湾引进物种的数量和丰度急剧增加,1986年记录了9种,2017年记录了15种。两种原生暖水红藻(Agardhiella subullata和Gelidium crinale)分别在2016年和2017年突然向北扩张。它们的存在可能与全球变暖有关,全球变暖目前正以惊人的速度发生在缅因湾,超过了世界上许多地区。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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