Whole Genome Sequences Analyses of Indonesian Isolates SARS-CoV-2 Variants and their Clinical Manifestations

Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus is the cause of the global pandemic since the end of the year 2019. Since then, the virus has had mutations that cause different types of variants with various effects on those infected. This has complicated human intervention for prevention. Indonesia is one of the countries which was heavily affected by the pandemic specifically from May to August 2021, and it is a country that has recorded many distinct isolates.Methods: GISAID database was used to obtain the Indonesian isolates while NCBI BLAST was utilized for comparison of all variants, and MAFFT version 7 for multi comparison.Results: There were 9,488 isolates in Indonesia as of November 2021 where most include the Delta variant. Most of the isolates have mutations common to the ones from other countries. Although there are some atypical ones such as the mutation V1264L in the Delta variant that was suspected play a role in worsening the pandemic.Conclusions: The Delta variant had the most mutations in the Spike protein, when compared to the Alpha and Beta variants, giving its important roles in infectivity and vigorous entry into cells, explaining why in the period of May to November 2021 in Indonesia, there was a rocket of cases for the Delta variant unlike the other variants