Trends in the technological development of wind energy generation

Abstract

This article presents a global overview of emerging trends of wind energy technology development. The research conducted: a bibliographic review of the methods of technological prospecting and wind energy; a patent analysis, presenting the current panorama of technologies in this sector; and mapping of the technological evolution of wind turbines and a proposal of the future trends. The patent analysis identified 25,644 patent registrations from 2003 to 2012, showing a growth trend primarily in the United States and China, with significant representation of companies such as General Electric and Mitsubishi. As defined by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), knowledge areas focused on patent application deposits cover mechanical engineering; lighting; heating; weapons; blasting; and electricity. The trends show that wind turbines of the future are likely to be vertical and synchronous with the height of the turbine greater than 194m and rotor diameter greater than 164m, and that the power of a wind turbine will exceed 10 MW. The materials used in the blades will be nanomaterials with the characteristics of low density and high resistance such as graphene. Wind turbine towers will feature a hybrid material, combining steel and concrete.