Stomatal response functions to environmental stress of dominant species in the tropical Andean páramo

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Stomatal response functions of dominant plant species can provide insights into the behaviour of ecosystems under environmental stress, and provide tools for modelling their response to climate change. However, they remain little studied in tropical Alpine ecosystems. Aims: Our objective was to formulate and compare stomatal response functions for two dominant páramo species with different adaptive strategies to drought, the stress-tolerant shrub Hypericum laricifolium, and the stress avoiding giant rosette Espeletia schultzii and thus enable making projections as to their future fitness in a changing climate. Methods: A reanalysis of data found in the literature and new ecophysiological and micrometeorological measurements were used to fit and test new stomatal response functions to environmental variables for these two species. Results: The response functions of vapour pressure differences between leaf and air showed an exponential decrease for both species, while for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), peak-form response functions provided the best fit. The response function for leaf water potential was linear for the drought-tolerant shrub and decreased exponentially for the stress avoiding giant rosette. Several thresholds prior to stomatal closure were also included in the functions. Conclusions: Although stress-avoiding and stress-tolerant strategies are both successful in the Andean páramo, the response functions suggest that the tolerant shrub could be more resistant to more intense drought.