La constitución de la violencia de género como problema público y los frames sobre aborto. Revisión crítica de antecedentes y propuesta de análisis

Abstract

A public issue is a particular view of a situation at a certain point in time. It involves a selective process, via which the issue is plucked from a multiplicity of potential realities and goes through a collective definition that legitimizes it upon a competitive arena, where the meaning of all social issues is in dispute. Communication media are crucial in this process, as news outlets define problematic situations and attribute responsibilities.   In this sense, the goal of our paper is to analyze how gender violence has been established as a public issue. Specifically, it aims to evaluate the antecedents that made it possible to define the problematic character of violence against women, understand the critical events (Staggenborg, 1993) that legitimized feminist activism on social media, and analyze media contents regarding abortion. Our work merges perspectives on public issues (Blumer, 1971; Gusfield, 1981, 2014; Pereyra, 2010) with concepts from social movements (Gamson, 1992; Meyer and Staggenborg, 1996; 2015; Snow and Benford, 1988, 1992; Staggenborg, 2001), gender studies (Ciriza, 2007; De Beauvoir, 1949; De Miguel Alvarez, 2003; Wollstonecraft, 1998) and framing (D’Angelo, 2012; Entman, 1993).   Among our results, we highlight the strategies and resources employed by feminist political activism in a patriarchal context (Amoros, 1991; Lagarde, 1996; Millett, 1975). Moreover, we reveal journalistic practices that seek to reinforce injustice against women and attribute responsibility in individual – rather than political or social – terms.