Use of winter cover crops improves maize productivity under reduced nitrogen fertilization: a long-term study

IF 1.2 4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Bragantia Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI:10.1590/1678-4499.20200165

J. Piva, Felipe Bratti, J. L. Locatelli, R. Ribeiro, M. Besen, Eduardo Brancaleoni, D. Schmitt

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引用次数: 4

Abstract

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops on the agronomic performance of maize during five crop seasons in a clayey Inceptisol with reduced mineral nitrogen (N) inputs. The treatments were seven single cover crops: white oats (Avena sativa L.), black oats (Avena strigose Schreb.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.), fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L. and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.); a mix (black oats + vetch and a fallow. During summer, in succession to the cover crops, maize was grown under no-tillage. The attributes were evaluated in two stages of maize development: flowering (morphological components and physiological maturation (yield components). Differences in morphologica and yield variables were observed in all crop seasons, with emphasis on grain yield, number of grains per row (NGR and ear length (EL). The use of vetch showed greater contribution to the development of maize in relation to the other cover crops used, promoting an increase in stem diameter (SD), E and NGR in all crop season and directly reflecting in higher grain yield. On the other hand, when maize was grown under cover crops commonly used in southern Brazil, such as ryegras and white oats, the yield was similar to fallow. The results showed that vetch promoted higher maize yields, probably by N mineralization and reinforce the hypothesis that cover crops in the off-season can aggregate benefits to crops in succession, especially in terms of nutrition.

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一项长期研究表明，在氮肥减少的情况下，使用冬季覆盖作物可提高玉米产量

摘要本研究旨在评估冬季覆盖作物在减少矿质氮（N）输入的粘性Inceptisol中对五个作物季节玉米农艺性能的影响。处理为7种单覆盖作物：白燕麦（Avena sativa L.）、黑燕麦（Avener strigose Schreb.）、黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum L.），油菜（Brassica napus L.），豌豆（Vicia sativa L..），饲料萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）和红三叶草（Trifolium pratense L.）；一种混合物（黑燕麦+vetch和休耕。在夏季，继覆盖作物之后，玉米在免耕条件下种植。在玉米发育的两个阶段对属性进行了评估：开花（形态成分和生理成熟（产量成分）。在所有作物季节都观察到形态和产量变量的差异，重点是粮食产量、每行粒数（NGR）和穗长（EL）。与使用的其他覆盖作物相比，紫云英的使用对玉米的发育有更大的贡献，在所有作物季节都促进了茎径（SD）、E和NGR的增加，并直接反映出更高的粮食产量。另一方面，当玉米在巴西南部常用的覆盖作物下种植时，如黑麦草和白燕麦，产量与休耕作物相似。结果表明，豌豆可能通过氮矿化促进了玉米产量的提高，并强化了淡季覆盖作物可以为作物带来连续效益的假设，尤其是在营养方面。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Bragantia AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

2.40

自引率

8.30%

发文量

审稿时长

4 weeks

期刊介绍： Bragantia é uma revista de ciências agronômicas editada pelo Instituto Agronômico da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, da Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de publicar trabalhos científicos originais que contribuam para o desenvolvimento das ciências agronômicas. A revista é publicada desde 1941, tornando-se semestral em 1984, quadrimestral em 2001 e trimestral em 2005. É filiada à Associação Brasileira de Editores Científicos (ABEC).