CHARACTERISTICS AND VISUALIZATION OF PHAGOCYTIC CELLS OF THE IMMUNITY SYSTEM IN LIVER INFLAMMATION

Abstract

Chronic liver disease is a complex multi-stage process involving many immune and non-immune cells. Understanding the pathology of many liver diseases requires knowledge of the cell biology of phagocytes. The review summarizes our current perception of the role of phagocyte cells of the innate immune system in chronic inflammation, with an emphasis on their interaction with inflammatory participants. A better understanding of the role of the cells in the innate immune response may serve as the basis for the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of aseptic and infectious liver diseases. The purpose of the review is to visualize and summarize the current results of the study of the functions of professional liver phagocytes and their role in initiating the immune response in relation to inflammatory markers. Visualization of various cell types, in particular, professional phagocytes, was carried out using semi-thin sections prepared from specially fixed liver biopsies which made it possible to estimate their number and obtain data on changes in the surrounding tissue in pathological conditions. In addition to this method, the electron microscopic method made it possible to assess the state of intracellular structures. The review is supplemented by the results of our own studies obtained using these methods, with a special focus on phagocytes responsible for innate immunity.