MECHANISMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF SELECTIVE REGULATION OF COMMODITY MARKETS IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

Abstract

Topicality. In the conditions of martial law and the future post-war recovery, it is advisable to consider the national economy in the form of a four-level system of markets: 1. In which the stages of such implementation and definition of the target functions (tasks) assigned by the state to the economic system (commodity markets) are sequentially defined, and these tasks can be defined in the form of target functions determined by the country's government. The 2nd stage defines the objects of regulation of the market of the real sector of the economy, which the state recognizes as those that should be subject to priority - selective regulation (markets of agro-food products, energy and PEC systems, and others). 3. Necessary regulatory actions are determined, depending on the state of one or another market and defined target functions. 4. If the regulatory actions did not lead to positive changes, feedback is included to find the shortcomings of previous decisions and make the necessary corrections. Strategic priorities of the economic development of selective markets for the food security of the population of Ukraine in the conditions of economic recovery in the agro-food market.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to determine the essence of the mechanisms of selective regulation of the principles, methods and mechanisms of objects subject to regulation. To achieve the set goal, the following tasks should be solved: 1. to determine the order of the strategy of selective regulation of commodity markets. 2. Powers and functions of the country's import substitution entities, in accordance with the established target functions. 3. Define selective import substitution of commodity markets in relation to food security of the population.Materials and methods. Therefore, the authors of the study used the theory of import substitution and the theory of management of complex economic systems as a mechanism of their own resources to solve food security problems: the method of graphic modeling, system analysis, statistical analysis, economic analysis, in particular, for the study of selective product markets.Research results. The authors emphasize that the selective approach is used, first of all, in the period of the economy's exit from the crisis and the recovery of the process of extended social reproduction. This is exactly the case we are witnessing in the post-war period. According to the modern theory, scientists consider a selective policy that has a vertical microeconomic character. This type of policy exerts a targeted influence on certain groups of subjects and is mainly of a microeconomic nature. There are several levels of selectivity: from the support of an entire sector (or region), its subsectors, to the support of certain enterprises (their groups). As the level of selectivity increases, the effectiveness of the state's regulatory measures increases, while at the same time, the risks of incorrect management decisions regarding the selection of priority objects of regulation increase. The use of a selective approach to regulate the development of commodity markets necessitates a complex combination of system-wide and selective policy measures. Such a market selective strategy involves the implementation of a system-wide (or functional) policy with the help of mechanisms and measures of selective regulation. It has a horizontal macroeconomic character, as it is aimed at ensuring the balanced reproductive development of all sectors of the system of vertically adjacent commodity markets. This is a regulation based on three methodological approaches, namely: the effective formation of a system of market regulation in the conditions of a market economy with the distribution of regulatory functions between regulatory entities according to the functions assigned to them. The definition of the most necessary and vulnerable element of the market system (the market) as an object of regulation, which can have the greatest effect in terms of the development of this system. Determination (development) of special (targeted) regulatory measures and mechanisms of their impact on the object of regulation. That is, selective regulation is based on the choice of such regulatory measures that would be extremely necessary at a given time for the system of the national economy, taking into account the (characteristic for our time) shortage of resources necessary for their implementation.Conclusion. 1. The sectoral priorities of selective import substitution can be classified in three directions, such as the replacement of: imported resources, primarily energy; import of consumer goods; import of production goods. The dependence of domestic market saturation on foreign trade is currently actualizing the issue of state regulation of export-import flows. The structure of the formation of the product supply of the domestic product market of Ukraine as a whole shows significant disproportions between the industrial potential and the needs of the domestic market, and also reflects significant pressure from the import side. 2. The theory of import substitution does not provide an answer to questions about the principles and methods of choosing selective markets for the implementation of this strategy, but is its economic and administrative tool. As the analysis shows, the policy of import substitution in Ukraine has never been carried out systematically, which in the end had a serious impact on the domestic economy. According to the results of a comparative analysis of tariff regimes, Ukraine is in a disadvantageous situation with regard to the possibility of applying a customs tariff to protect the domestic market compared to its trading partners. The low efficiency of institutional components in the system of regulation of import of goods gradually leads to the loss of competitiveness of individual sectors of commodity markets. The basis of the effective functioning and development of the domestic market should be competitive domestic products, which can be ensured as a result of the implementation of the strategy of selective import substitution.