Extraction of salt and base metals from geothermal water: Kinetic modeling and mechanism

IF 3.3 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS
Rohit Pawar, Sourav Santara, A. Sircar, R. Kumari, N. Bist, K. Yadav
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Geothermal fluids have the potential as important sources of precious minerals and metals. There are several hydrometallurgical techniques by which geothermal fluid solutions can be processed to extract and purify metals and minerals such as potassium, manganese, zinc, and lithium. The primary methods for extraction of salt and base metals from geothermal water include precipitation, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, adsorption, electrochemical intercalation, and ion exchange. Among several methods discussed so far membrane and adsorption methods can be one of the suitable methods for extraction of salt and base metals, respectively. The article also summarizes various mathematical modeling used to study dynamic behavior and kinetics of column adsorption. The three most widely used column models, i.e., Thomas, BDST, and Yoon–Nelson are discussed herein, that help to estimate the adsorption capacity and intensity giving an overview of mechanism and forces responsible for column sorption process. The elaborate discussion on mechanistic forces and factors responsible for metal extraction by sorption makes this review significant and preferable. Therefore, the article aims to provide deep insights and a quick overview of salt and base metal sources, their extraction processes, column sorption dynamics, kinetic modeling, and mechanisms in one sight. Work flow for Base metal Extraction from geothermal water.
从地热水中提取盐和贱金属:动力学模型和机理
地热流体具有作为珍贵矿物和金属的重要来源的潜力。有几种湿法冶金技术可以处理地热流体溶液来提取和纯化金属和矿物,如钾、锰、锌和锂。从地热水中提取盐和贱金属的主要方法包括沉淀、电渗析、反渗透、吸附、电化学插层和离子交换。在迄今为止讨论的几种方法中,膜法和吸附法分别是提取盐和碱金属的合适方法之一。文章还总结了用于研究柱吸附动力学行为和动力学的各种数学模型。本文讨论了三种最广泛使用的柱模型,即Thomas、BDST和Yoon–Nelson,它们有助于估计吸附容量和强度,从而概述了柱吸附过程的机理和力。对通过吸附提取金属的机制力和因素的详细讨论使这篇综述具有重要意义和可取性。因此,本文旨在对盐和贱金属来源、它们的提取过程、柱吸附动力学、动力学建模和机理提供深入的见解和快速的概述。从地热水中提取贱金属的工作流程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
MRS Energy & Sustainability
MRS Energy & Sustainability ENERGY & FUELS-
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
2.30%
发文量
36
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