Conservation agriculture effects on yield and profitability of rice-based systems in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain

IF 1.6 4区农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI:10.1017/S0014479722000291

Md. Ariful Islam, R. Bell, C. Johansen, M. Jahiruddin, M. E. Haque, W. Vance

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract Sustaining productivity of the rice-based cropping systems in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (EIGP) requires practices to reverse declining soil fertility resulting from excessive tillage and crop residue removal, while decreasing production costs and increasing farm profits. We hypothesize that the adoption of conservation agriculture (CA), involving minimum tillage, crop residue retention and crop rotation, can address most of these challenges. Therefore, the effects of crop establishment methods – strip planting (SP), bed planting (BP) and conventional tillage (CT); and levels of crop residue retention – high residue (HR) and low residue (LR) on individual crop yield, system yield and profitability were evaluated in a split-plot design over three cropping seasons in two field experiments (Alipur and Digram sites) with contrasting crops and soil types in the EIGP. The SP and BP of non-rice crops were rotated with non-puddled rice establishment; CT of non-rice crops was rotated with puddled transplanted rice. In the legume-dominated system (rice-lentil-mung bean), lentil yields were similar in SP and CT, while lower in BP in crop season 1. A positive effect of high residue over low residue was apparent by crop season 2 and persisted in crop season 3. In crop season 3, the lentil yield increased by 18–23% in SP and BP compared to CT. In the cereal-dominated system (rice-wheat-mung bean), significant yield increases of wheat in SP and BP (7–10%) over CT, and of HR (1–3%) over LR, were detected by crop season 3 but not before. Rice yields under CA practices (non-puddled and HR) were comparable with CT (puddled and LR) in both systems. Improved yield of lentil and wheat with CA was correlated with higher soil water content. The net income of SP increased by 25–28% for dry season crops as compared to CT and was equal with CT for rice cropping systems. Conservation agriculture practices provide opportunities for enhancing crop yield and profitability in intensive rice-based systems of the EIGP of Bangladesh.

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保护农业对印度-恒河平原东部水稻系统产量和盈利能力的影响

摘要要维持印度-恒河平原东部水稻种植系统的生产力，就需要采取措施扭转过度耕作和清除作物残渣导致的土壤肥力下降的局面，同时降低生产成本，增加农业利润。我们假设，采用保护性农业（CA），包括最低限度的耕作、作物残留物保留和作物轮作，可以解决大多数这些挑战。因此，作物建立方法——条带种植（SP）、床层种植（BP）和常规耕作（CT）的效果；以及作物残留保留水平——高残留（HR）和低残留（LR）对单个作物产量、系统产量和盈利能力的影响，在两个田间试验（Alipur和Digram场地）的三个种植季节的分割地块设计中进行了评估，并在EIGP中对作物和土壤类型进行了对比。非水稻作物的SP和BP与非水洼水稻轮作；非水稻作物的CT与水坑移植水稻进行轮换。在以豆类为主的系统（水稻-扁豆-绿豆）中，在作物季节1，SP和CT的扁豆产量相似，而BP的产量较低。高残留对低残留的积极影响在第二季作物中表现明显，并在第三季持续存在。在第三季中，与CT相比，SP和BP的扁豆产量增加了18-23%。在谷物为主的系统（水稻-小麦-绿豆）中，SP和BP的小麦产量比CT显著增加（7-10%），HR的产量比LR显著增加（1-3%），在第三季度之前没有。在两个系统中，CA做法（非水坑和HR）下的水稻产量与CT（水坑和LR）相当。添加CA的扁豆和小麦产量的提高与土壤含水量的增加有关。与CT相比，旱季作物的SP净收入增加了25-28%，与水稻种植系统的CT持平。保护性农业实践为孟加拉国EIGP的集约水稻系统提高作物产量和盈利能力提供了机会。

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来源期刊

Experimental Agriculture 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

6.20%

发文量

审稿时长

24 months

期刊介绍： With a focus on the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, Experimental Agriculture publishes the results of original research on field, plantation and herbage crops grown for food or feed, or for industrial purposes, and on farming systems, including livestock and people. It reports experimental work designed to explain how crops respond to the environment in biological and physical terms, and on the social and economic issues that may influence the uptake of the results of research by policy makers and farmers, including the role of institutions and partnerships in delivering impact. The journal also publishes accounts and critical discussions of new quantitative and qualitative methods in agricultural and ecosystems research, and of contemporary issues arising in countries where agricultural production needs to develop rapidly. There is a regular book review section and occasional, often invited, reviews of research.