Toxicity, preparation methods and applications of silver nanoparticles: an update

IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q2 TOXICOLOGY
A. Choudhary, Sanjiv Singh, V. Ravichandiran
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引用次数: 13

Abstract

Abstract Nanoparticles (range under 100 nm) prepared by different technology modes including physical, chemical, biological have many applications. Like in the same way silver nanoparticles are used for different beneficial actions like antimicrobial- antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, water treatment, cosmetics, and in the textiles industry. As silver nanoparticles have shown wide application by different mechanisms against various pathophyisiological conditions. To maintain safety under their use, the study of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles has become more important. Health agencies like WHO, NIOSH, EPA, EFSA & EU have issued guidelines for unrisky exposure limit of silver nanopartricles in drinking water, food and breathing. The main purpose of this article is to summarize genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity of silver nanoparticles in both in vitro and in vivo studies focused on mechanism and methods of detection. The main mechanism of silver nanoparticles toxicity involves disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which results in the generation of ROS and the stoppage of ATP synthesis which further leads to a cascade of toxic events. ROS production measured by the technique like flow cytometry using DCFHDA dye and other method includes a confocal microscope, lipid peroxidation, etc. Different assay techniques used for evaluation of different kind of toxicities such as the comet assay, MTT assay, and histological assay, are also discussed.
银纳米粒子的毒性、制备方法及应用研究进展
摘要纳米粒子(范围在100 nm)具有许多应用。同样,银纳米颗粒被用于不同的有益作用,如抗菌、抗真菌和抗病毒、抗炎、抗癌、水处理、化妆品和纺织工业。由于银纳米粒子通过不同的机制在各种病理生理条件下显示出广泛的应用。为了保持其使用的安全性,研究银纳米颗粒的毒性变得更加重要。世界卫生组织、NIOSH、EPA、EFSA和欧盟等卫生机构已经发布了银纳米颗粒在饮用水、食物和呼吸中的未成熟暴露限值指南。本文主要综述了银纳米粒子的遗传毒性、细胞毒性、神经毒性、生殖毒性等在体内外研究中的作用机制和检测方法。银纳米粒子毒性的主要机制涉及线粒体呼吸链的破坏,这导致ROS的产生和ATP合成的停止,从而进一步导致一系列毒性事件。通过使用DCFHDA染料的流式细胞术等技术和其他方法测量ROS的产生,包括共聚焦显微镜、脂质过氧化等。还讨论了用于评估不同毒性的不同检测技术,如彗星法、MTT法和组织学法。
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来源期刊
自引率
3.10%
发文量
66
期刊介绍: Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods is a peer-reviewed journal whose aim is twofold. Firstly, the journal contains original research on subjects dealing with the mechanisms by which foreign chemicals cause toxic tissue injury. Chemical substances of interest include industrial compounds, environmental pollutants, hazardous wastes, drugs, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents. The scope of the journal spans from molecular and cellular mechanisms of action to the consideration of mechanistic evidence in establishing regulatory policy. Secondly, the journal addresses aspects of the development, validation, and application of new and existing laboratory methods, techniques, and equipment. A variety of research methods are discussed, including: In vivo studies with standard and alternative species In vitro studies and alternative methodologies Molecular, biochemical, and cellular techniques Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Mathematical modeling and computer programs Forensic analyses Risk assessment Data collection and analysis.
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