Rewriting the Economic Growth History of Korea in the 1970s: Focusing on the Pollution Imports and the Shadow People of Economic Growth

IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY
Jihye Yang
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Abstract

During the period of rapid economic growth since the 1970s, Korea imported many polluting industrial facilities from Japan, resulting in the generation of huge amounts of hazardous waste. While the problems of environmental degradation such as these were an integral part of Korea’s development process, they have received only scant attention in the official history of the country’s economic development, often being dismissed as peripheral issues. This paper aims to go beyond this tendency by rewriting the history of economic growth that underlay the disputes caused by the importation of polluting industries from Japan in the 1970s. Its features can be summarized as follows.First, Japan was the most damaging pollution exporter to Korea in the 1970s, and it was also the direct channel to import the knowledge of pollution, and alternative logic against the pollution issues.Second, discussions over industrial pollution in the 1970s occurred in the antagonistic relationship between four groups: the government, media, opposition party, and scholars.Third, a group of experts played various roles, including bureaucrats, researchers, and policy makers, leading the discussion of pollution in Korean society in the 1970s.It has been well over 50 years since 1970. Nevertheless, Korean society still does not hesitate to create areas and people that become shadows in the wake of development. This explains why we should focus on the “sick body” rather than the “numbers” in this age of science and technology.
改写20世纪70年代韩国经济增长历史——以污染进口和经济增长的影子人物为中心
20世纪70年代以后,在经济高速增长的时期,韩国从日本进口了许多污染工业设施,导致了大量有害废物的产生。虽然诸如此类的环境退化问题是韩国发展进程的一个组成部分,但在该国经济发展的官方历史中,它们只受到很少的关注,往往被视为次要问题。本文旨在通过重写经济增长的历史来超越这一趋势,这一历史是20世纪70年代从日本进口污染工业所引起的争端的基础。其特点可以概括如下。首先,日本是20世纪70年代对韩国最具破坏性的污染出口国,也是进口污染知识和针对污染问题的替代逻辑的直接渠道。第二,20世纪70年代关于工业污染的讨论发生在政府、媒体、反对党和学者四个群体之间的对立关系中。第三,在20世纪70年代主导韩国社会污染讨论的专家们扮演了官僚、研究人员、政策制定者等多种角色。从1970年到现在已经有50多年了。但是,韩国社会在发展的过程中,仍然会创造出成为阴影的地区和人。这就解释了为什么在这个科技时代,我们应该关注“生病的身体”而不是“数字”。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
0.50
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18
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