Humanin and Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Mitochondrial-derived peptides ( MDPs) are encoded by mitochondrial DNA. MDPs include humanin, ribosomal ribonucleic acid type c (MOTS-c), and small humanin-like peptides 1–6 (SHLP1–6). In times of stress, they support mitochondrial activity and cell survival. MDPs infl uence cell survival, metabolism, stress response, and infl ammation in vivo and in vitro . Recent research shows MDPs play a signifi cant role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. In addition, possible pathogenic pathways include ischemia, reperfusion da- mage, fi brosis