Controversies in the Treatment of Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Foot

Abstract

Acute compartment syndrome of the foot remains a controversial topic. The diagnosis, management, and reported sequelae remain largely supported by low level evidence and expert opinion. Ischemic plantar flexion contractures resulting in cavus and claw toe deformities, acute and chronic neuropathic pain, sensory deficits and paresthesias, neuropathic ulceration, and odynohyperkeratosis are sequelae of both conservative and operative management of acute compartment syndrome of the foot. Further research on the outcomes of acute fasciotomy versus delayed management is necessary to support therapeutic strategies. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.