Token Economies in Residential Care Systems: Are They Bad Practice?

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI:10.1080/0886571X.2022.2066043

Jeffrey C. Peterson, J. Huefner

引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT The purpose for this paper is to present a measured perspective on the empirical literature examining point and level (P&L) systems in residential care settings. We review the history of P&L and eight of the most common criticisms of its use in residential care settings. The relative merits of each of the criticisms are discussed. There is no empirical research support for the criticisms of P&L when well-implemented. There are, nonetheless, barriers to success that arise when P&L program are not well-executed. Effective P&L programs are characterized by developing positive relationships, maintain high ratios of positive to negative feedback, are individualized to each youth’s needs, have appropriate tolerances, and systematically fade youth off P&L in preparation for returning to their families or independent living.

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养老体系中的代币经济：它们是不良做法吗？

摘要本文的目的是对住院护理环境中的实证文献检查点和水平（P&L）系统提出一个有分寸的观点。我们回顾了P&L的历史，以及对其在住院护理环境中使用的八种最常见的批评。讨论了每种批评的相对优点。当损益表得到很好的实施时，没有实证研究支持对损益表的批评。尽管如此，当损益计划执行不好时，还是会出现成功的障碍。有效的P&L计划的特点是发展积极的关系，保持高比例的正面和负面反馈，根据每个年轻人的需求进行个性化，具有适当的容忍度，并系统地让年轻人远离P&L，为重返家庭或独立生活做准备。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.