Antioxidant and Antiviral Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharides Derived from Two Sargassum Species of Red Sea Egypt

Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI:10.1080/22311866.2022.2110517

G. Ismail, M. Hessien, M. A. Saleh, M. M. Ismail

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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Abstract Brown seaweeds are known natural antioxidants and antiviral candidates. This study aimed to extract and characterize polysaccharides from Sargassum euryphyllum and Sargassum aquifolium brown macroalgal species and investigate their antiviral potential against avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The chemical composition of the polysaccharides was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity was also determined as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) radical, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging, and total antioxidant activity. Data revealed that S. aquifolium polysaccharides encompass significant ash (17.84% ± 0.69%), carbohydrates (57.43% ± 0.40%), sulfates (18.26% ± 0.52%), and uronic acids (45.40% ± 0.39%) content compared to S. euryphyllum polysaccharides. The molecular weight (MW) recorded 557 kDa for S. aquifolium polysaccharide with neutral sugars of mannose, galactose, and fructose, which constituted bulk molar ratios. A lower MW of 317 kDa was recorded for S. euryphyllum polysaccharide with mannose and xylose as the dominant neutral sugars. Both polysaccharides showed no cytotoxicity on chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells. Potent antioxidant activity, measured as DPPH assay, for S. euryphyllum (59.15% ± 2.75%) and S. aquifolium (65.25% ± 2.89%) polysaccharides was established compared to ascorbic acid (67.33% ± 2.24%). The IBV titer on CEK cells in vitro showed a decreasing pattern from 5.4 to 4 log10 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/ml with S. euryphyllum polysaccharide and from 4.5 to 2.2 log10 TCID50/ml with S. aquifolium polysaccharide within 6 days post incubation time. A similar significant anti-IBV activity was estimated in vivo for both polysaccharides with a chorioallantoic membrane inoculation assay. Decreasing IBV titer suggested blocking of the virus entry, probably through disturbing its binding to the host cell receptors. The study recommended sulfated polysaccharides of S. aquifolium and S. euryphyllum seaweeds as potential antioxidants and antiviral natural resources. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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红海埃及两种马尾藻硫酸酸化多糖的抗氧化和抗病毒活性

摘要褐藻是已知的天然抗氧化剂和抗病毒候选物。本研究旨在从宽叶马尾藻和大叶马尾藻中提取和鉴定多糖，并研究其对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）的抗病毒潜力。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、质子核磁共振、凝胶渗透色谱和高效液相色谱对多糖的化学组成进行了表征。抗氧化活性还测定为2，2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DDPH）自由基、过氧化氢自由基清除和总抗氧化活性。数据显示，与广叶藻多糖相比，广叶藻的多糖含有显著的灰分（17.84%±0.69%）、碳水化合物（57.43%±0.40%）、硫酸盐（18.26%±0.52%）和糖醛酸（45.40%±0.39%）。水芹多糖与甘露糖、半乳糖和果糖的中性糖的分子量（MW）为557kDa，它们构成了体积摩尔比。以甘露糖和木糖为主要中性糖的广叶藻多糖的较低MW为317kDa。两种多糖对鸡胚肾（CEK）细胞均无细胞毒性。以DPPH测定法测定的强效抗氧化活性，与抗坏血酸（67.33%±2.24%）相比，广叶S.euryphyllum（59.15%±2.75%）和大叶S.aquifolium（65.25%±2.89%）多糖的IBV滴度在体外CEK细胞上呈下降趋势，广叶S.多糖的中位组织培养感染剂量（TCID50）/ml从5.4降至4 log10，而大叶S.aquifolium多糖的感染剂量在6孵育后几天。通过绒毛尿囊膜接种试验，两种多糖在体内都具有类似的显著抗IBV活性。IBV滴度的降低表明病毒进入受阻，可能是通过干扰其与宿主细胞受体的结合。该研究推荐了大叶藻和广叶藻的硫酸多糖作为潜在的抗氧化剂和抗病毒天然资源。图形摘要

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