Ecological and geochemical state of soils and grounds of Moscow green spaces (analytical review)

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
T. I. Borisochkina, B. Kogut, Sh. A. Khamatnurov
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Abstract

The paper assesses the pollution of soils and grounds of green spaces in Moscow with heavy metals and de-icing agents. The analysis of literature sources indicates a decrease in integral pollution index of soils and grounds of green spaces in the city in recent years. The decrease in the integral pollution index is determined by the reduction of emissions from industrial enterprises and by the land reclamation with the replacement of the upper soil layer. At the same time, an observed increase in the lead concentrations in urban landscapes was caused by intensive automobile traffic. The lack of green territories was noted in central part of the metropolis, which is below the norm recommended by WHO (50 m2 of tree plantations per person). The processes of soil salinization and suppression of urban vegetation caused by the use of de-icing reagents are described. The literature data on the anthropogenic transformation of physical and chemical properties of soils and forms of heavy metal compounds in soils are presented. It is indicated that the study of these issues is promising for solving ecological-hygienic problems of the megalopolis. Soils of green spaces in Moscow are proposed to be divided into three groups, taking into account the genesis, ecological and geochemical state: 1) soils on artificial bulk ground of designed landscapes, 2) transformed soils with traces of past anthropogenic impact (postagrogenic soils, soils of post-settlement territories, 3) soils on the territories of parks, forest parks and forests, slightly affected by human activities and retaining the properties of natural zonal soils.
莫斯科绿地土壤和地面的生态和地球化学状态(分析综述)
本文评估了莫斯科绿地土壤和地面重金属和除冰剂的污染情况。文献资料分析表明,近年来北京市绿地土壤和绿地地面综合污染指数呈下降趋势。综合污染指数的下降是由工业企业排放的减少和土地复垦与上层土壤的置换决定的。与此同时,城市景观中铅浓度的增加是由密集的汽车交通造成的。注意到在大都市的中心地区缺乏绿色领土,这低于世卫组织建议的标准(每人50平方米的树木种植园)。叙述了除冰剂的使用对土壤盐渍化和城市植被抑制的过程。本文介绍了人类活动对土壤理化性质和土壤中重金属化合物形态的影响。这些问题的研究对解决特大城市的生态卫生问题具有重要意义。考虑到土壤的成因、生态和地球化学状态,建议将莫斯科绿地的土壤分为三组:1)设计景观的人工块状地面上的土壤;2)带有过去人为影响痕迹的转化土壤(后农业土壤、后定居地区的土壤);3)公园、森林公园和森林地区的土壤,受人类活动影响较小,保留自然地带性土壤的性质。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
15
审稿时长
8 weeks
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