Validity of chlorine-wall reaction models for drinking water distribution systems

IF 1.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES

Urban Water Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI:10.1080/1573062X.2023.2241437

I. Fisher, G. Kastl, A. Sathasivan

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Chlorine concentrations in water distribution systems are generally predicted by combined models of reactions in bulk water and at pipe walls. The structure of the widely used EPANET wall-reaction models is questioned, as they do not reproduce the variation in wall-reaction rate with decreasing chlorine observed in real pipelines. The microbially mediated wall-reaction model (EXPBIO) is structurally valid. EXPBIO was extended to calculate the mass-transfer coefficient in individual pipes, rather than using a single fitted value. Smooth- and rough-pipe versions were formally validated against observed chlorine data from the Mirrabooka pipeline, where rough-pipe predictions better matched lower observed chlorine concentrations. In a medium-sized rough pipe, the mass-transfer coefficient doubled between 10 and 30°C. In the real pipeline, chlorine concentration decreased much faster with distance downstream at higher temperature, due to increasing microbial activity and mass-transfer of chlorine. System simulations to search for improved seasonal chlorine dosing strategies need to include these effects.

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饮用水配水系统氯墙反应模型的有效性

配水系统中的氯浓度通常通过散装水和管壁反应的组合模型来预测。广泛使用的EPANET壁反应模型的结构受到质疑，因为它们不能再现实际管道中氯含量降低时壁反应速率的变化。微生物介导的壁反应模型(EXPBIO)在结构上是有效的。EXPBIO扩展到计算单个管道的传质系数，而不是使用单个拟合值。根据Mirrabooka管道的氯观测数据，对光滑和粗管版本进行了正式验证，粗管预测更符合较低的氯观测浓度。中型粗管的传质系数在10 ~ 30℃之间增加了一倍。在实际管道中，由于微生物活性的增加和氯的传质，在较高温度下，氯浓度随着下游距离的增加而下降得更快。寻找改进的季节性氯剂量策略的系统模拟需要包括这些影响。

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来源期刊

Urban Water Journal WATER RESOURCES-

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

11.10%

发文量

101

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Urban Water Journal provides a forum for the research and professional communities dealing with water systems in the urban environment, directly contributing to the furtherance of sustainable development. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of interrelationships and interactions between the individual water systems, urban water bodies and the wider environment. The Journal encourages the adoption of an integrated approach, and system''s thinking to solve the numerous problems associated with sustainable urban water management. Urban Water Journal focuses on the water-related infrastructure in the city: namely potable water supply, treatment and distribution; wastewater collection, treatment and management, and environmental return; storm drainage and urban flood management. Specific topics of interest include: network design, optimisation, management, operation and rehabilitation; novel treatment processes for water and wastewater, resource recovery, treatment plant design and optimisation as well as treatment plants as part of the integrated urban water system; demand management and water efficiency, water recycling and source control; stormwater management, urban flood risk quantification and management; monitoring, utilisation and management of urban water bodies including groundwater; water-sensitive planning and design (including analysis of interactions of the urban water cycle with city planning and green infrastructure); resilience of the urban water system, long term scenarios to manage uncertainty, system stress testing; data needs, smart metering and sensors, advanced data analytics for knowledge discovery, quantification and management of uncertainty, smart technologies for urban water systems; decision-support and informatic tools;...