Ecological hazard, typology, morphometry and quantity of waste dumps of coal mines in Ukraine

IF 0.6 Q4 ECOLOGY

Ecological Questions Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI:10.12775/eq.2023.042

A. Zubov, A. Zubov, L. Zubova

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

As a result of coal mining, a large number of waste rock dumps have been created on the earth's surface around the world. As a result of deflation and water erosion of the dump surface, extensive contamination of the soil cover of agricultural land with heavy metals occurs, threatening the food security of many countries. The article proposes a method for determining the area of potentially contaminated land in coal-mining regions. The area of such land in Ukraine has been estimated. A scheme for the dispersion of pollutants from waste dumps is proposed, which makes it possible to identify four types of polluted areas. Using the Google Earth service, the exact modern number of dumps in the Donetsk coal basin (Donbass) as a whole (1600) and separately in its western, central and eastern parts was determined. The average height, the average and total area of the base and surface, and the forest cover of the dumps in the Central Donbass were determined. It was found that the area of potentially contaminated land as a result of surface deflation of dumps in Central Donbass is 30,605 hectares. Taking into account the discharge of pollutants both from the surface of the dumps and from the deflationary pollution zone, the area of such land is 35,765 hectares. The mathematical modelling of the processes of pollutant removal by wind and deposition on the soil surface showed that it is possible to radically reduce the area of pollution by afforestation of waste dumps and, first of all, their flat tops.

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乌克兰煤矿废弃物堆积场的生态危害、类型、形态和数量

由于煤矿开采，世界各地的地表上产生了大量的废石堆。由于倾倒场表面的通货紧缩和水侵蚀，农业用地的土壤覆盖层受到重金属的广泛污染，威胁到许多国家的粮食安全。本文提出了一种确定煤矿区潜在污染土地面积的方法。乌克兰境内的此类土地面积已经过估算。提出了一种从垃圾堆中分散污染物的方案，这使得识别四种类型的污染区域成为可能。使用谷歌地球服务，确定了顿涅茨克煤炭盆地（顿巴斯）整体（1600个）及其西部、中部和东部的确切现代垃圾场数量。测定了顿巴斯中部垃圾场的平均高度、基底和表面的平均和总面积以及森林覆盖率。研究发现，由于中顿巴斯垃圾场的地表塌陷，可能受到污染的土地面积为30605公顷。考虑到垃圾场表面和通货紧缩污染区的污染物排放，这类土地的面积为35765公顷。对风清除污染物和沉积在土壤表面的过程进行的数学建模表明，通过植树造林，首先是在垃圾堆的平顶上，可以从根本上减少污染面积。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ecological Questions ECOLOGY-

CiteScore

1.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The fundamental task set by the editors of the journal is to bring together and present a diversity of research connected with ecology. Apart from the traditional ecological research areas, the scope of the journal will embrace more peripheral ecological issues connected with other disciplines of biology. Recognizing the increasing importance of the humanities in ecological research, the editors will strive to give such issues due representation in the journal. We hope to encourage the researchers contributing to the journal to adopt an unconventional approach to solving ecological problems, to go beyond classical, well-established conceptions, and to include methodological and anthropological issues. Such an approach is validated by the intensive development of the sciences bordering on both biology and the humanities that has been observed over recent years.