Comparative floral anatomy in species of Cyperoideae (Poales: Cyperaceae) and insights into the evolution of floral traits

IF 2.3 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES
Lucimara Reis de Oliveira Silva, R. Trevisan, Aline Oriani
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Species of Cyperoideae exhibit wide morphological variation in their flowers due to reduction processes. Their flowers can be bisexual or unisexual, achlamydeous or not, with tepals and stamens varying from one to six and a trimerous or dimerous gynoecium, the latter dorsiventrally or laterally flattened. We studied the floral anatomy and vasculature of Fuirena robusta, Cyperus sesquiflorus, Rhynchospora panicoides, and Schoenoplectus californicus to understand the reduction processes that resulted in different floral morphologies. The floral development of C. sesquiflorus was also analysed. All these species have spikelets with bisexual flowers, but they vary in relation to the perianth, androecium, and gynoecium. Our results show the loss of the outer abaxial tepal in R. panicoides, the total loss of the outer whorl of tepals in F. robusta, and the loss of abaxial tepals (outer and inner) in S. californicus. The tepals are vascularized in F. robusta and R. panicoides and non-vascularized in S. californicus. In C. sesquiflorus, the perianth is absent. Phenolic compounds present in the epidermal cells of the receptacle mark the boundaries between tepals and stamens, before the individualization of these parts. The three stamens present in F. robusta and R. panicoides correspond to the outer whorl. In S. californicus, there is a loss of the adaxial stamens (outer and inner), whereas in C. sesquiflorus the outer stamen whorl and the inner adaxial stamen are lost. The laterally flattened dimerous gynoecium in C. sesquiflorus may be the result of the pressure exerted by the distichously arranged glumes. The most distal flower of the spikelet in this species is staminate by abortion of the gynoecium. The morphological diversity observed in the flowers of Cyperoideae is the result of distinct reduction processes that probably occurred independently in the different clades of the subfamily during the evolution of Cyperaceae.
莎草科(Poales:Cyperaceae)植物的比较解剖学及花性状的进化
由于还原过程,拟柏科的物种在花朵上表现出广泛的形态变化。它们的花可以是两性的或单性的,无瓣的或无瓣的,花被和雄蕊从一个到六个不等,还有一个三聚或二聚的雌蕊群,后者背面或侧面扁平。我们研究了粗壮富丽花、倍半花莎草、圆锥花Rhynchospora panicoides和加利福尼亚Schoenpelectus californicus的花解剖和脉管系统,以了解导致不同花形态的还原过程。对倍半花的花发育进行了分析。所有这些物种都有带两性花的小穗,但它们在花被、雌雄同株和雌蕊群方面有所不同。我们的结果显示,圆锥花的外背面被膜的损失,粗壮花的外轮被膜的完全损失,以及加州花的背面被膜(外部和内部)的损失。在F.robusta和R.panicoides中,被膜是血管化的,而在S.californicus中则是非血管化的。在芝麻中,花被不存在。花托表皮细胞中存在的酚类化合物标志着花被和雄蕊之间的边界,在这些部分个体化之前。粗壮F.robusta和圆锥R.panicoides中的三个雄蕊对应于外轮生。在加利福尼亚S.californicus中,近轴雄蕊(外侧和内侧)缺失,而在倍半花C.sesquiflorus中,外侧雄蕊轮生和内侧近轴雄蕊缺失。倍半花中横向扁平的二聚雌蕊群可能是由排列不整齐的颖片施加的压力的结果。本种小穗最远端的花是雌蕊群败育的雄蕊。在莎草科的花中观察到的形态多样性是莎草科进化过程中,可能在亚科的不同分支中独立发生的不同还原过程的结果。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
54
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: The Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society publishes original papers on systematic and evolutionary botany and comparative studies of both living and fossil plants. Review papers are also welcomed which integrate fields such as cytology, morphogenesis, palynology and phytochemistry into a taxonomic framework. The Journal will only publish new taxa in exceptional circumstances or as part of larger monographic or phylogenetic revisions.
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