Health Risks of Major Air Pollutants, their Drivers and Mitigation Strategies: A Review

IF 3.5 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
S. Maji, Sirajuddin Ahmed, Maninder Kaur-Sidhu, S. Mor, K. Ravindra
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The impact of increasing air pollution on human health and the environment is a major concern worldwide. Exposure to air pollution is one of the leading risk factors and substantially contributes to morbidity and premature mortality. This review paper aims to examine the exposure of major air pollutants (i.e., particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide) and its association with respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive, and genotoxic adverse health outcomes that can cause DNA damage leading to genetic mutations. The study emphasized how a better understanding of source-receptor relationships and exposure assessment methodologies can support effective air quality management planning. Hence, there is a need to augment various exposure indicators (spatial modeling, personal/area monitoring, emphasizing central/rural site measurements, etc.) to generate reliable surrogates for informed decision-making. The critical drivers of anthropogenic interference for air pollution remain urbanization, growing vehicle use, and industrialization. This requires innovative approaches, such as energy-efficient and technologically sustainable solutions to gradually replace conventional fossil fuel from primary energy mix with renewable energy. It holds the key to meet future energy challenges and minimizing air pollution emissions. Further, there is an urgent need to frame effective public policy with graded mitigation actions to reduce the adverse impact of air pollution on human health and the environment.
主要大气污染物的健康风险、驱动因素和缓解策略:综述
日益严重的空气污染对人类健康和环境的影响是全世界关注的一个重大问题。接触空气污染是主要危险因素之一,在很大程度上导致发病率和过早死亡。这篇综述论文旨在研究主要空气污染物(即颗粒物、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、一氧化碳)的暴露及其与呼吸、心血管、生殖和基因毒性不良健康结果的关系,这些不良健康结果可能导致DNA损伤导致基因突变。该研究强调了如何更好地理解源-受体关系和暴露评估方法可以支持有效的空气质量管理规划。因此,有必要增加各种暴露指标(空间建模、个人/地区监测、强调中央/农村站点测量等),以产生可靠的替代品,以进行知情决策。人为干扰空气污染的关键驱动因素仍然是城市化、日益增长的车辆使用和工业化。这需要创新的方法,例如采用节能和技术上可持续的解决办法,逐步用可再生能源取代初级能源结构中的传统化石燃料。它是应对未来能源挑战和减少空气污染排放的关键。此外,迫切需要制定有效的公共政策,采取分级缓解行动,减少空气污染对人类健康和环境的不利影响。
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来源期刊
Air Soil and Water Research
Air Soil and Water Research ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
5.30%
发文量
27
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: Air, Soil & Water Research is an open access, peer reviewed international journal covering all areas of research into soil, air and water. The journal looks at each aspect individually, as well as how they interact, with each other and different components of the environment. This includes properties (including physical, chemical, biochemical and biological), analysis, microbiology, chemicals and pollution, consequences for plants and crops, soil hydrology, changes and consequences of change, social issues, and more. The journal welcomes readerships from all fields, but hopes to be particularly profitable to analytical and water chemists and geologists as well as chemical, environmental, petrochemical, water treatment, geophysics and geological engineers. The journal has a multi-disciplinary approach and includes research, results, theory, models, analysis, applications and reviews. Work in lab or field is applicable. Of particular interest are manuscripts relating to environmental concerns. Other possible topics include, but are not limited to: Properties and analysis covering all areas of research into soil, air and water individually as well as how they interact with each other and different components of the environment Soil hydrology and microbiology Changes and consequences of environmental change, chemicals and pollution.
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