Prevalence, Demographic, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Elderly Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia Admitted in a Tertiary Medical Center: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, demographic data, clinical characteristics, microbiologic profile, clinical outcomes and risk factors of mortality among elderly with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis utilizing data from January to December of 2018 among 159 elderly patients admitted with CAP in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Demographics, clinical characteristics, microbiologic profile was assessed using percentage and frequency. Chi-square test was used to compare factors to age group and risk factors of mortality were determined using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of elderly patients admitted with CAP was 5% and was noted to be higher in females (55.35%) than males (44.65%). Majority belonged to aged 6574 years (36.5%). The most common pathogen identified is Escherichia coli (17.24%) and Streptococcus parasanguinis (17.17%) in blood and sputum culture, respectively. Risk factors significantly associated to mortality were history of alcoholic drinking, renal disease, oxygen saturation < 90% upon admission, decrease sensorium, hypotension, lung findings of retractions and decrease breath sounds, Escherichia coli in blood culture and mixed bacterial coinfection in sputum culture (p < 0.05). Conclusion: CAP is a common problem with clinical impact to elderly patients. The study was able to provide prevalence, demographic data and clinical characteristics associated with mortality among elderly patients admitted due to CAP. This study can also guide clinicians and hospital personnel in infection control and management strategies.